胜任力是将某一工作中表现优异者与表现平平者区分开来的个人潜在的、深层次的特征,它可以是动机、特质、态度或价值观,某领域的知识、认知或行为技能等任何可以测量的,并能显著区分绩效优劣的个人特征(Spencer,1993)。国外学者主要从胜任力分类、胜任力识别方法、胜任力研究方法、胜任力模型等不同方面进行了理论和实证研 Competency is the latent, deep-seated feature of an individual who distinguishes between outstanding and underperforming in a job, which can be motivation, trait, attitude or value, knowledge of a field, cognitive or behavioral skills, etc. Any measurable, distinctive distinction between performance characteristics and personal characteristics (Spencer, 1993). Foreign scholars mainly carry out theoretical and empirical research in different aspects such as competency classification, competency identification methods, research methods of competency, competency model and so on