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目的了解西双版纳7~18岁傣族学生形态发育的现状,为儿童青少年发育研究提供科学基础资料。方法利用2010年全国学生体质健康调研资料,分析2010年西双版纳7~18岁傣族学生形态发育现状。结果傣族学生随着年龄的增大,形态指标身高、体质量、胸围发育均有不同程度的增长,生长发育的突增期提前。年平均增长值:身高男生4.21 cm、女生3.40 cm;体质量男生3.01 kg、女生2.40 kg;胸围男生2.32 cm,女生1.90 cm。生长发育突增期:身高、体质量、胸围女生均为11岁、男生身高13岁、体质量胸围14岁。身体匀称度表现出中短躯干型、下肢较长、体质量较轻、胸廓相对较窄的体型。结论傣族学生生长发育低于全国平均水平,除受遗传因素影响外,还受自然环境、营养、卫生和运动等社会环境因素的制约,建议将生长发育干预列为学校卫生工作的重点,开展以提高生长发育水平为核心的健康教育活动,加强营养知识的宣传和普及,倡导科学合理的膳食结构、健康积极的生活方式,采取以科学锻炼为中心的干预措施,提高傣族学生的生长发育水平。
Objective To understand the status quo of morphological development of Dai students aged 7-18 in Xishuangbanna and to provide a scientific basis for the development of children and adolescents. Methods According to 2010 National Student Physical Health Survey data, the morphological development status of Dai students aged 7-18 years in Xishuangbanna in 2010 was analyzed. Results With the increase of age, Dai students had different degrees of growth in height, body mass and bust development, and the sudden increase of growth and development was earlier. Average annual growth rate: height male 4.21 cm, female 3.40 cm; weight male 3.01 kg, female 2.40 kg; bust male 2.32 cm, female 1.90 cm. Growth and development of sudden increase: height, body mass, bust girls are 11 years old, boys 13 years old, body weight Bust 14 years old. Body symmetry showed short and medium trunk type, lower limbs longer, lighter body weight, chest shape is relatively narrow. Conclusions The growth and development of Dai students is lower than the national average level. Apart from being affected by genetic factors, they are also subject to social and environmental factors such as natural environment, nutrition, hygiene and sports. It is suggested that growth and development intervention should be the focus of school health work. Improve the level of growth and development as the core of health education activities, to strengthen the publicity and popularization of nutrition knowledge, promote a scientific and rational diet, healthy and positive lifestyle, take scientific exercise as the center of interventions to improve the level of Dai students’ growth and development.