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目的:了解玉树灾后不同阶段基层干部心理应激变化趋势及相关因素。方法:采用文献复习法,结合定性研究的个人深入访谈法。方便取样,选取灾后第1年和灾后第4年,经历过紧急救援期和灾后重建期的基层干部10名,1对1个案访谈。结果:紧急救援期和灾后重建期对基层干部的心理造成影响的压力来源不同,玉树基层干部的应对方式以念经、转经、做法事、自我减压、找人倾诉等方式为主。对心理帮助的了解程度、态度和可获得的程度不高。但灾后重建中的心理变化以积极取向为主。结论:灾后重建应考虑到心理复原的自然时间和规律;灾后需要多方位、多层次、多角度的精神卫生服务;心理社会支持需要注意到藏区的文化适应性。
Objective: To understand the psychological stress changes of grass-roots cadres at different stages of Yushu and related factors. Methods: The literature review method, combined with qualitative research of personal in-depth interviews. Convenient sampling, select the first year after the disaster and the fourth year after the disaster, experienced emergency rescue and post-disaster reconstruction of grass-roots cadres 10, 1 to 1 case interviews. Results: The sources of pressure on the psychological impact of grass-roots cadres during the emergency rescue and post-disaster reconstruction were different. The coping styles of grass-roots cadres at Yushu were mainly based on the principles of scriptures, scriptures, practices, self-decompression and finding people. The level of understanding, attitude and availability of psychological help is not high. However, the psychological changes in post-disaster reconstruction are mainly positive ones. Conclusion: Post-disaster reconstruction should take into account the natural time and laws of psychological recovery. Post-disaster needs multi-dimensional, multi-level and multi-angle mental health services. Psychosocial support needs to pay attention to the cultural adaptability of Tibetan areas.