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目的探讨如何针对农村居民进行艾滋病健康教育和行为干预。方法2003年11月开始对珠海市某镇农村居民开展以讲课、电视媒体、发放AIDS健康教育处方等宣传教育活动,并对农村居民免费提供HIV检测和安全套,干预前后在知情同意情况下用相同调查表对研究对象进行面对面调查。结果干预前后分别调查183名和265名农村居民;研究对象对艾滋病传播途径知识由干预前的60.5%提高到干预后的91.3%(P<0.01);各种艾滋病预防措施的正确认知率得到了明显的提高(P<0.01);HIV自愿检测率由干预前的2.3%提高到干预后的16.5%(P<0.01),而艾滋病非传播途径相关知识的提高,干预前后相比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论对农村居民进行艾滋病相关知识的健康教育和行为干预能有效提高其对艾滋病的防治和自身HIV测试,对防止艾滋病的广泛流行具有重要作用。艾滋病的干预工作是一项长期的工作,今后的工作重点应该放在非传播途径知识的宣传教育以及安全套的推广使用等方面。
Objective To explore how to conduct AIDS health education and behavioral interventions for rural residents. Methods In November 2003, rural residents in a town in Zhuhai City began to carry out publicity and education activities such as lectures, television media, and prescriptions for AIDS health education, and provided free HIV testing and condoms for rural residents. They used the same information before and after the intervention in the context of informed consent. The questionnaire surveyed the subjects in person. Results 183 and 265 rural residents were investigated before and after the intervention; the subjects’ knowledge of HIV transmission pathways increased from 60.5% before the intervention to 91.3% after the intervention (P<0.01); the correct recognition rate of various HIV prevention measures was obtained. Significant increase (P<0.01); HIV voluntary detection rate increased from 2.3% before intervention to 16.5% after intervention (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in the knowledge of non-transmission pathway of AIDS before and after intervention. (P>0.05). Conclusion Health education and behavioral intervention on AIDS related knowledge among rural residents can effectively improve their HIV/AIDS prevention and HIV testing and play an important role in preventing the spread of AIDS. The intervention of AIDS is a long-term task. The focus of the work in the future should be on propaganda and education of non-transmission pathway knowledge and promotion and use of condoms.