目的　探讨尿中乙肝病毒DNA(HBV DNA)的检测对诊断小儿乙肝病毒相关性肾炎 (HBV GN)的意义。方法　应用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)、免疫荧光 (IF)及原位杂交法 (ISH)检测患儿血清和尿中HBV DNA及肾活检石蜡包埋组织切片中HBV抗原与HBV DNA的存在状况。结果　 32例患儿经血清HBV DNA与肾组织中HBV抗原检测 ,符合HBV GN诊断的 19例 ,其中 11例经ISH检测发现肾活检石蜡包埋组织切片中HBV DNA阳性 ,13例尿HBV DNA阳性 ,阳性率分别为 5 7 9%、6 8 5 %。结论　检测肾小球疾病患儿尿中HBV DNA可协助HBV GN的临床诊断 Objective To investigate the significance of detection of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) in the diagnosis of children with hepatitis B virus associated nephritis (HBV GN). Methods The presence of HBV DNA and HBV DNA in serum and urine HBV DNA and renal biopsy paraffin-embedded tissue sections were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence (IF) and in situ hybridization (ISH) . Results Thirty-two children were detected by serum HBV DNA and HBV antigens in renal tissues, and 19 cases were diagnosed by HBV GN. Among them, 11 cases were positive for HBV DNA in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of kidney biopsy by ISH and 13 cases were positive for HBV DNA The positive rates were 57.9% and 68.5% respectively. Conclusion The detection of urinary HBV DNA in children with glomerular diseases can help the clinical diagnosis of HBV GN