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自主导航技术在提高深空探测器自主生存能力、减轻地面测控负担、完成探测任务特殊阶段导航等多方面具有明显的优势,已经成为世界各国研究的热点。我国火星探测工程已经启动,将来还有其他小行星、彗星和行星及其卫星的探测计划。详细阐述了发展天文自主导航技术的必要性,阐述天文导航技术的基本原理及优势,并对国内外深空天文自主导航技术以及应用情况进行概述,总结了发展天文自主导航的关键技术。根据分析提出我国发展深空探测自主导航技术的建议与思考。
Autonomous navigation technology has obvious advantages in many aspects such as improving self-survivability of deep space probes, reducing the burden of ground-based monitoring and control, and completing the navigation of special missions of exploration missions. It has become a hot spot in various countries in the world. China’s Mars exploration project has been launched, in the future there are other asteroids, comets and planets and their satellites exploration program. This paper elaborates the necessity of developing autonomous astronautic navigation technology, expounds the basic principles and advantages of astronomical navigation technology, summarizes the technologies and applications of deep space astronomical autonomous navigation at home and abroad, and summarizes the key technologies for developing autonomous astronautic navigation. According to the analysis, it puts forward some suggestions and thoughts on how to develop autonomous navigation technology for deep space exploration in our country.