我国经历了两次卫生革命,第1次卫生革命的胜利与第2次卫生革命的开展预示着疾病模式由传染病、寄生虫病的主导地位向心脑血管病等慢性非传染性疾病(NCD)的转变,NCD已经成为当前威胁居民健康、导致医疗费用过度增长、损害劳动力素质的主要健康问题。不健康生活模式和环境因素等是导致NCD增长和健康素质下降的主要原因,应该作为当前和未来的主要公共卫生课题予以认真对待。同时,新发传染病层出不穷,旧传染病死灰复燃,注定在今后相当长的时间内,传染病预防控制仍然是公共卫生的主攻方向。 My country has undergone two health revolutions. The victory of the first health revolution and the second health revolution indicate that the disease pattern changes from dominance of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases to chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (NCD ), The NCD has become the main health problem threatening the health of residents, leading to over-growth of medical expenses and impairing the quality of the workforce. Unhealthy lifestyles and environmental factors are the main reasons leading to the decline of NCD and health quality. They should be taken seriously as the major public health issues for the present and in the future. In the meantime, emerging infectious diseases emerge in an endless stream, and the resurgence of old infectious diseases is destined for a long period in the future. The prevention and control of infectious diseases remains the main direction of public health.