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史学理论与史学的产生几乎是同步的，在古典史学产生的同时诞生了古典史学理论。古典史学理论中最重要的部分是史学目的论和史学方法论。史学目的论上，中国古典史学从惩恶扬善、鉴诫资治到经世，与西方古典史学的垂训目的相同；史学方法论上，中西古典史学理论都提倡求真与批判精神，为后世史学树立了优良传统。虽然中西史学发展的路子不一样，但在古典时期的史学理论却基本上是相一致的。
The theory of history and the emergence of historiography are almost synchronous, and the classical theory of history was born at the same time as the generation of classical history. The most important part of the theory of classical history is the theory of historical teleology and historical methodology. Historiography theory, the Chinese classical history from punishing evil, raising precepts to rule the world, with the Western classical history of the purpose of the same training; historiography methodology, the theory of ancient Chinese and Western classical history advocate the spirit of truth and criticism for the later History established a fine tradition. Although the development of Chinese and Western history is not the same way, but in the classical history of the theory of history is basically the same.