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随着我国义务教育的普及和发展,人们在不断改进义务教育财政公平的同时,反思究竟什么样的财政公平能使所有的儿童接受高质量的义务教育,尤其是农村的学生。美国从20世纪70年代开始,对义务教育财政的关注就从注重财政的公平转向充足性,并对义务教育财政的充足性问题作了大量的研究和探讨。本文首先介绍美国义务教育财政公平性向充足性转变的特点;接着介绍度量教育财政充足性的几种方法;特别关注了美国农村基础教育财政的充足性问题;最后分析了美国义务教育财政充足性的努力对中国的启示,并提出政策建议。
With the popularization and development of compulsory education in our country, people continually improve the financial fairness of compulsory education and reflect on what kind of fiscal fairness can make all children receive high-quality compulsory education, especially for rural students. Since the 1970s in the United States, attention has been paid to the compulsory education finance from paying attention to the fairness of finance, and a great deal of research and discussion has been made on the adequacy of the compulsory education finance. This article first introduces the characteristics of the compulsory education in the United States fairness to adequate change; then introduces several measures to measure the financial adequacy of education; with particular attention to the adequacy of the rural basic education in the United States; finally analyzes the adequacy of the compulsory education in the United States Efforts to China’s enlightenment, and put forward policy recommendations.