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英语中的一词多义现象普遍存在。所谓“熟词生义”就是指学生对绝大多数单词的一两个常用义项比较熟悉,而对某些单词的一词多义或一词多性没有全面掌握。从近几年的高考英语试题中可发现高考命题非常重视对常用词汇较少使用意义的考查,范围较广,涉及各个题型,尤其是高考完形填空和阅读理解的短文材料。考生因不懂这些熟词的“新含义”而出现思维堵塞的现象,熟词变成了生词,导致信息获取不准,严重地影响了考生对题干乃至全文的正确理解,造成了不应有的失分。
一、教材中
下面是人教新课标版课本中出现的一些具有代表性的例句。
1. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.(必修2 Unit l)
熟义:为...服务;提供(食物或饮料)”
生义:“作...用;担任职务;帮助;促进”
2. Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.It was full of people.(必修3 Unit2)
熟义:“开车;驾驶”
生义:“驱使;驱赶;使;赶走”
3. Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. (必修4 Unit4)
熟义:“遇见;遇到;与...相识”
生义:“迎接;满足;达到;(路、河)与...交汇;正视”
4. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself. (必修5 Unit4)
熟义:“盖上;覆盖”
生义:“报道;采访;包括;涉及;行走(一段路程);负担;支付”
5. All the information was ready to be processed into film negatives. (必修5 Unit4)
熟义:“过程;步骤”
生义:“处理;办理;冲洗加工(胶片);印”
例句:I need to get these films processed.我得把这些胶卷洗出来。
6. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. (选修6 Unit3)
熟义:“进步”
生义:“逐步发展;改进;进展;继续进行”
7. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small. (选修6 Unit3)
熟义:“发展;发育:成长”
生义:“患上;逐渐形成(疾病或问题);开发;制定;养成;冲洗照片”
8. I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here. So I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. (选修7 Unit4)
熟义:“图画;照片”
生义:“想象;设想”
9. It is exciting for them to receive a letter or a photograph and so I hope you will find the time to send Orlando and his family a message occasionally. (选修7 Unit4)
熟义:“发现;碰上;找到;找出;查明”
生义:“挤出(时间) ;认为;感到”
10. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (选修8 Unit3)
熟义:“小说”
生义:“新颖的;新奇的”
二、听力中
五年来全国新课标卷的听力部分题型总体难度基本保持一致,但从用词和话题方面难度均有所上升;同时加强了对信息处理能力的要求,这要求考生对单词特别是存在“熟词生义”的词汇能够增强敏感度。举几个简单的例子:
1. Hello, this is Beijing National Grand Theater, Box office. Can I help you?
熟义:盒;箱;
生义:箱状物;小亭 box office: 售票处;票房
2. Book early if you want a good table.
熟义:书;
生义:预订
3. My mother was down with the flu last week.
熟义:adv. 向下;如:get down, lie down
生义:adv. 处于低落状态;落魄;失意;由北往南;往市区; prep. 顺,沿,直到…;
n. 憎恶;倒霉(-s);软毛,绒毛
v.打倒(敌人);下降
4. “It teaches that when you’re down and out, never give up.”
熟义:adv. 出来;向外
生义:到竭尽点;处于过时、荒疏状态;缺席;完全地、彻底地;脱漏地、不一致地; be down and out:落魄,败落
其它的如:park公园——停车(场);date日期——约会;sharp尖的,锐利的——(某时刻)整(adv. 名词后);due (-to)因为,由于——预期的;到期的;应有的......等等也都是学生们应该牢牢掌握的高频词。
三、单选中
以近几年高考题为例:
1. (2008湖北)Though having lived abroad for years , many Chinese still _______ the traditional customs.
A. perform B. possess
C. observe D. support
[答案]C. observe 熟义:vt. 看到;观察;
生义:vt. 遵守;奉行;纪念;庆祝;vt.
一、教材中
下面是人教新课标版课本中出现的一些具有代表性的例句。
1. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.(必修2 Unit l)
熟义:为...服务;提供(食物或饮料)”
生义:“作...用;担任职务;帮助;促进”
2. Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.It was full of people.(必修3 Unit2)
熟义:“开车;驾驶”
生义:“驱使;驱赶;使;赶走”
3. Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. (必修4 Unit4)
熟义:“遇见;遇到;与...相识”
生义:“迎接;满足;达到;(路、河)与...交汇;正视”
4. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself. (必修5 Unit4)
熟义:“盖上;覆盖”
生义:“报道;采访;包括;涉及;行走(一段路程);负担;支付”
5. All the information was ready to be processed into film negatives. (必修5 Unit4)
熟义:“过程;步骤”
生义:“处理;办理;冲洗加工(胶片);印”
例句:I need to get these films processed.我得把这些胶卷洗出来。
6. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. (选修6 Unit3)
熟义:“进步”
生义:“逐步发展;改进;进展;继续进行”
7. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small. (选修6 Unit3)
熟义:“发展;发育:成长”
生义:“患上;逐渐形成(疾病或问题);开发;制定;养成;冲洗照片”
8. I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here. So I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. (选修7 Unit4)
熟义:“图画;照片”
生义:“想象;设想”
9. It is exciting for them to receive a letter or a photograph and so I hope you will find the time to send Orlando and his family a message occasionally. (选修7 Unit4)
熟义:“发现;碰上;找到;找出;查明”
生义:“挤出(时间) ;认为;感到”
10. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (选修8 Unit3)
熟义:“小说”
生义:“新颖的;新奇的”
二、听力中
五年来全国新课标卷的听力部分题型总体难度基本保持一致,但从用词和话题方面难度均有所上升;同时加强了对信息处理能力的要求,这要求考生对单词特别是存在“熟词生义”的词汇能够增强敏感度。举几个简单的例子:
1. Hello, this is Beijing National Grand Theater, Box office. Can I help you?
熟义:盒;箱;
生义:箱状物;小亭 box office: 售票处;票房
2. Book early if you want a good table.
熟义:书;
生义:预订
3. My mother was down with the flu last week.
熟义:adv. 向下;如:get down, lie down
生义:adv. 处于低落状态;落魄;失意;由北往南;往市区; prep. 顺,沿,直到…;
n. 憎恶;倒霉(-s);软毛,绒毛
v.打倒(敌人);下降
4. “It teaches that when you’re down and out, never give up.”
熟义:adv. 出来;向外
生义:到竭尽点;处于过时、荒疏状态;缺席;完全地、彻底地;脱漏地、不一致地; be down and out:落魄,败落
其它的如:park公园——停车(场);date日期——约会;sharp尖的,锐利的——(某时刻)整(adv. 名词后);due (-to)因为,由于——预期的;到期的;应有的......等等也都是学生们应该牢牢掌握的高频词。
三、单选中
以近几年高考题为例:
1. (2008湖北)Though having lived abroad for years , many Chinese still _______ the traditional customs.
A. perform B. possess
C. observe D. support
[答案]C. observe 熟义:vt. 看到;观察;
生义:vt. 遵守;奉行;纪念;庆祝;vt.