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随着社会的快速发展,生产方式的多样化,环境风险及其引发的环境事故的复杂化,环境责任保险制度发挥着越来越重要的作用。自20世纪90年代起,环境责任保险制度在我国开始建立并发展,但仍存在一些问题。本文将从环境责任保险制度法律基础的角度进行分析,以期提出合理的建议,使环境责任保险制度能够更好地发挥分散风险、赔偿损失的作用。首先,本文对环境责任保险制度的背景加以介绍,指出风险社会化和侵权理论的发展是环境责任保险兴起的原因。其次,本文对环境责任保险制度的概念和特征进行分析,指出环境责任保险作为责任保险之一所具有的一般特征和特殊性。再次,本文分别从侵权法和保险法两个角度,对环境责任保险制度的法律基础进行重点分析,这是环境责任保险制度发展的基础和保障。最后,笔者结合环境责任保险制度在我国的实践中所遇到的问题,在法律层面上提出了一些立法完善建议。
With the rapid development of society, the diversification of production modes, the environmental risks and the complicated environmental accidents caused by them, the environmental liability insurance system plays an increasingly important role. Since the 1990s, the system of environmental liability insurance has been established and developed in our country, but some problems still exist. This article will analyze the legal basis of the environmental liability insurance system with a view to putting forward reasonable suggestions so that the environmental liability insurance system can better play the role of diversifying risk and compensating for losses. First of all, this paper introduces the background of the environmental liability insurance system, and points out that the development of environmental socialization and infringement theory is the reason for the rise of environmental liability insurance. Secondly, this paper analyzes the concept and characteristics of environmental liability insurance system, points out the general characteristics and particularities of environmental liability insurance as one of the liability insurance. Thirdly, this article focuses on the legal basis of the environmental liability insurance system from the perspectives of tort law and insurance law respectively, which is the basis and guarantee for the development of environmental liability insurance system. In the end, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the legislation on the legal level by combining with the problems encountered by the environmental liability insurance system in our country’s practice.