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通过实验观测蜂蝇的快速起飞过程,并计算分析其中的力学过程。利用三维高速图像测量技术观测了整个过程中身体及翅膀的运动学参数,并且扫描记录了昆虫的形态学数据。采用所测得数据处理得到起飞过程中的惯性力和力矩,利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法计算翅膀拍动产生的气动力,由力学平衡得到腿部作用力。在快速起飞时经过2次完整拍动其拍动幅角增大到最大值,经过4次完整拍动之后拍动频率变为恒定,并且昆虫完全升入空中。离地之前主要由腿部作用力支撑体重及产生向上的加速度,同时在水平和俯仰转动方向消除气动力产生的不利影响,直到离地时腿部作用力变为零。表明蜂蝇具备通过增加腿部用力来达到快速起飞从而躲避天敌的能力,相比自主起飞缩短了起飞时间,也为人造微小型飞行器(MAV)的不同起飞模式的设计提供了思路。
Through experimental observation fly bees rapid takeoff process, and calculate the analysis of the mechanical process. The kinematic parameters of the body and wings were observed through the three-dimensional high-speed image measurement technique. The morphological data of the insects were recorded by scanning. The measured data are used to get the inertial force and moment during the take-off process. The aerodynamic forces generated by the flapping of the wings are calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and the leg forces are obtained by mechanical equilibrium. After two full beats at full speed, the flapping angle increases to its maximum value. After four flapping times, the flapping frequency becomes constant and the insects are fully ascended into the air. Before leaving the ground, the body is mainly supported by the leg and the upward acceleration is generated. At the same time, the adverse effect of the aerodynamic force is eliminated in the horizontal and the pitch rotation direction, and the leg force becomes zero until the ground is left. The results show that bee-fly possesses the ability to evade natural enemies by increasing the force of legs to take off quickly and shortens the take-off time compared with autonomous take-off. It also provides ideas for the design of different takeoff modes of man-made micro-aircraft (MAV).