我国高原环境特有的低氧、低气压、高寒等特征,是造成急性高原反应(AMS)发生率高的主要环境因素,AMS是导致部队战斗力下降的重要原因。本文综述了AMS诊断标准的演变,与高原肺水肿、脑水肿、上呼吸道感染、急性胃肠炎及晕动病的鉴别诊断,重点讨论了舒张压、肺功能、心理应激、遗传因素等可反应AMS易感性的预测指标,以及维持电解质平衡、降低血管通透性、增加血氧饱和度、改变血流速度以及心理干预等综合治疗,并展望了唾液检测用于AMS早期诊断的可行性。 The characteristics of hypoxia, depression and alpine, which are unique to the plateau environment in our country, are the main environmental factors that cause the high incidence of acute altitude sickness (AMS). AMS is the important reason leading to the decrease of combat effectiveness of troops. This review summarizes the evolution of diagnostic criteria for AMS, and the differential diagnosis of high altitude pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, upper respiratory tract infection, acute gastroenteritis and motion sickness, with emphasis on diastolic blood pressure, pulmonary function, psychological stress and genetic factors Predict the predictive value of AMS susceptibility, and maintain the electrolyte balance, reduce vascular permeability, increase blood oxygen saturation, blood flow velocity and psychological intervention and other comprehensive treatment, and the prospect of saliva detection for the feasibility of early diagnosis of AMS.