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【目的】研究施肥深度、灌水条件和氨挥发监测方法对土壤氮肥氨挥发损失特征的影响,为评估田间原位监测试验结果提供依据。【方法】通过微区试验模拟大田基肥和追肥氨挥发条件。【结果】(1)在轻度盐渍化土壤上,氨挥发速率和损失累积量随着施肥深度的增加而降低,氮肥深施土壤10 cm氨挥发降低到施氮量2%以下,可有效控制氮肥氨挥发损失;氨挥发持续时间随着施肥深度的增加而缩短。(2)施肥后延迟灌水情况下,初始含水量高的土壤比含水量低的土壤氨挥发损失大;在同等条件下,延迟灌水会增加氮肥氨挥发损失;随着灌水量的增加,氨挥发损失降低;(3)3种氨气吸收方法比较结果显示,密闭法检测值远低于抽气法和通气法;在试验区域和试验条件下,抽气法和通气法监测结果较为接近。【结论】施肥深度和灌水条件是否与当地大田操作一致,是氨挥发测定值能否反映田间真实值的关键;三种监测方法对氨挥发田间原位监测是系统影响,密闭法结果偏低,抽气法是否反映田间真实值与抽气速率相关;通气法不需动力,可适用于田间多处理试验。
【Objective】 The effects of fertilization depth, irrigation conditions and ammonia volatilization monitoring on ammonia volatilization loss of soil nitrogen fertilizer were studied in order to provide basis for assessing the results of field monitoring test. 【Method】 Micro-zone experiments were conducted to simulate the volatilization conditions of base fertilizer and dressing fertilizer. 【Result】 (1) In mild saline soil, the ammonia volatilization rate and cumulative loss decreased with the increase of fertilization depth. The ammonia volatilization decreased from 10 cm nitrogen to below 2%, which was effective Control ammonia nitrogen ammonia volatilization loss; ammonia volatilization duration with the depth of fertilization and shorten. (2) Under the conditions of delayed irrigation after fertilization, the soil with high initial water content has larger ammonia volatilization loss than the soil with lower water content; under the same conditions, delayed irrigation will increase the ammonia volatilization loss of nitrogenous fertilizer; With the increase of irrigation amount, ammonia volatilization (3) Comparison of three kinds of ammonia absorption methods showed that the detection value of the closed method was far lower than that of the suction method and the ventilation method; and the results of the suction method and the ventilation method were close to each other in the test area and the test conditions. 【Conclusion】 Whether fertilization depth and irrigation conditions are consistent with local field operation is the key to whether the measured value of ammonia volatilization can reflect the true field value of the field. The three monitoring methods are systematically affected by the in situ monitoring of ammonia volatilization field, the result of closed method is low, Whether the pumping method reflects the true value of the field is related to the pumping rate; the ventilation method does not need power and can be applied to the field multi-treatment test.