目的　了解云南省鼠药中毒现状 ,总结经验教训 ,为加强卫生监督减少中毒事件提供依据。方法　调查云南省 11县市主要农贸市场、集市鼠药销售摊点销售的鼠药种类 ;调查 11县、市主要医院和乡卫生所 1999～ 2 0 0 1年鼠药中毒病例。结果　此次调查的鼠药中毒病例全部是急性剧毒鼠药中毒 ,共 45 7例 ,死亡 13例。结论　云南省剧毒鼠药危害状况十分严重 ,必须采取有效的措施 ,坚决严禁生产、销售和使用剧毒鼠药。 Objective To understand the current situation of rat poisoning in Yunnan Province, summarize the experience and lessons, and provide the basis for strengthening health supervision and reducing poisoning incidents. Methods Investigate the types of rat drugs sold in the major farmers’ markets of 11 counties and cities in Yunnan Province and market sales of rat poison drugs in the market. Investigate the rat poisoning cases of 11 townships, major hospitals and township clinics from 1999 to 2001. Results All the rat poisoning cases in this survey were acute poisonous rat poisoning, 457 cases and 13 deaths. Conclusion The poisoned rat poison in Yunnan Province is very serious. Effective measures must be taken to strictly prohibit the production, sale and use of poisonous rat poison.