[目的]估计重庆市尘肺患者疾病负担,探讨预防尘肺的经济效益和社会效益。[方法]收集重庆市职业病诊断机构确诊的600例尘肺病的有关资料以及2007年尘肺患者的死因资料,对其中的180例确诊患者进行问卷调查。使用伤残调整寿命年(DALY)全面衡量尘肺患者的疾病负担。[结果]重庆市2007年因尘肺损失的健康寿命年为8825.85年,其中因伤残损失的健康寿命年为6134.40年,占69.50%,因死亡损失的健康寿命损失年为2691.45年,占30.50%;尘肺疾病经济负担为6570.92万元,其中直接经济损失为1247.50万元,占18.99%,间接经济损失为5323.42万元,占81.01%。[结论]采取防尘措施预防尘肺发病是减少其疾病负担的关键。 [Objective] To estimate the disease burden of patients with pneumoconiosis in Chongqing and explore the economic and social benefits of preventing pneumoconiosis. [Methods] The data of 600 cases of pneumoconiosis diagnosed by occupational disease diagnosis institution in Chongqing were collected, and the cause of death data of pneumoconiosis patients in 2007 were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 180 confirmed cases among them. Use the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) to comprehensively measure the disease burden on patients with pneumoconiosis. [Results] The healthy life span of pneumoconiosis in Chongqing was 8825.85 years in 2007, of which the healthy life span due to disability loss was 6134.44 years, accounting for 69.50%. The loss of healthy life due to death was 2691.45 years, accounting for 30.50% The economic burden of pneumoconiosis was 65,709,200 yuan, of which the direct economic loss was 12,475,000 yuan, accounting for 18.99%, and the indirect economic loss was 53,234,200 yuan, accounting for 81.01%. [Conclusion] Taking dust-proof measures to prevent pneumoconiosis is the key to reduce the burden of disease.