【摘 要】
：
本文探讨了岩石与矿物的地球化学组成与人群疾病的地理性分布之间的联系.研究周围环境的化学成分组成(基岩、土壤、水以及植物)可能会导致人体内某种元素的富集或缺失,从而对
【机 构】
：
北京大学公共卫生学院,北京市海淀区卫生局卫生监督所
论文部分内容阅读
本文探讨了岩石与矿物的地球化学组成与人群疾病的地理性分布之间的联系.研究周围环境的化学成分组成(基岩、土壤、水以及植物)可能会导致人体内某种元素的富集或缺失,从而对人体健康产生威胁.同时,人类活动如采矿与矿石处理、工业废弃物处置、农业活动等也可能会打破环境中的地球化学平衡,因此环境中化学元素的富集或缺乏会受到自然和人为因素的影响.直接或间接地摄入过量的有毒微量元素,如砷、镉、汞、铅和氟会危害人体健康.其中,镉对人类健康的长远影响最为严重.环境砷与汞暴露是人类癌症的主要致病因素之一.尼日利亚碘缺乏疾病的相关信息表明,受影响地区的甲状腺肿患病率在15%～59%之间.相关病例报道显示,摄入含氟化物超过1.5μg/L的水会导致氟斑牙.儿童中龋齿的患病率约为39.9%.尼日利亚中部的Younger Granite省,孕妇癌症与流产与自然环境中的辐射有关.以上一些例子以及文献中的许多其他事例使人们认识到加强合作和研究以更好地了解环境因素与人群疾病地理性分布之间关系的重要性.这些知识将会有助于控制和管理相关疾病的发生.
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