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采用塑料大棚试验,研究了施用硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对韭菜富集硒以及土壤累积硒的影响,旨在为富硒蔬菜的生产提供理论依据。本试验结果表明,在韭菜出苗前向土壤中分别施加亚硒酸钠为Se100、200和400 g·hm~(-2)时,韭菜可食部位硒含量为0.008~0.128 mg·kg~(-1) FW;分别施加硒酸钠为Se 100和200 g·hm~(-2)时,韭菜可食部位硒含量为0.067~0.441 mg·kg-1 FW。按照陕西富硒食品标准(DB61/T556-2012)中新鲜蔬菜硒的含量指标(0.02~0.1 mg·kg~(-1)),亚硒酸钠施用量为Se 200 g·hm~(-2)或硒酸钠施用量为Se 100 g·hm~(-2)时可满足韭菜1个生产季的富硒生产需求。施入土壤中的硒酸钠通过韭菜吸收的回收率约为10%,而亚硒酸钠的吸收回收率不足3%。对韭菜施用硒酸钠的富硒效果比亚硒酸钠的好,亚硒酸钠在土壤中的移动性较差,绝大部分残留于较浅的表层土壤中,而硒酸钠移动性较强,更容易在土壤中发生迁移。
Plastic greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effects of sodium selenite and sodium selenite on the enrichment of selenium in leeks and the accumulation of selenium in soil so as to provide a theoretical basis for the production of selenium-enriched vegetables. The results showed that the selenium content in the edible part of Chinese chive was 0.008-0.128 mg · kg ~ (-1) when the selenium was applied to the soil at Se100, 200 and 400 g · hm -2 separately before emergence of the leek. 1) FW. Selenium content in edible part of Chinese chive was 0.067-0.441 mg · kg-1 FW when selenium selenate was applied at Se 100 and 200 g · hm -2 respectively. According to the content of selenium in fresh vegetables (0.02 ~ 0.1 mg · kg -1) in Shaanxi Se-enriched food standard (DB61 / T556-2012), the amount of selenite applied was 200 g · hm -2 ) Or selenium selenium (Se 100 g · hm -2) could meet the production requirement of selenium in one production season of chives. Selenium applied to the soil through the leek absorption rate of about 10% recovery, and sodium selenate absorption recovery less than 3%. Selenium enrichment of leek selenium than sodium selenite, sodium selenite mobility in the soil is poor, most of the residue in the shallow surface soil, and the mobility of sodium selenate than Strong, easier to migrate in the soil.