论文部分内容阅读
[目的]探寻适合山西省中部高粱生产的最佳施肥方案。[方法]采用随机区组设计,设置不同施肥水平,研究平衡施肥对高粱产量、效益及养分收支平衡的影响。[结果]平衡施肥对高粱产量和效益有明显的正效应。农民习惯施肥处理较推荐施肥处理减产6.3%,收入减少376.05元/hm~2。氮肥是影响当地高粱高产的主要限制因子,其次为磷肥和钾肥。平衡施肥有利于高粱植株对养分的均衡吸收,与农民习惯施肥处理相比,推荐施肥处理的高粱氮、磷、钾吸收量平均增加了17.52、3.68、32.46 kg/hm~2。225.00 kg/hm~2的氮肥投入量基本能满足当地高粱高产的需求,75.00 kg/hm~2的磷肥投入量高于需求量,而钾肥用量不足。氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为25.0%、16.3%和55.8%。[结论]从土壤养分收支平衡及肥料利用率方面考虑,应该在推荐施肥处理基础上适当提高钾肥用量,减少磷肥用量,促使施肥方案不断优化,达到高粱的高产、高效目的。
[Objective] The research aimed to find out the best fertilization plan suitable for sorghum production in central Shanxi Province. [Method] With random block design, different fertilization levels were set up to study the effects of balanced fertilization on sorghum yield, benefit and nutrient balance. [Result] The balanced fertilization had obvious positive effect on the yield and benefit of sorghum. Farmers habitually fertilized than the recommended fertilization treatment yield reduction of 6.3%, income decreased 376.05 yuan / hm ~ 2. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main limiting factor for the high yield of local sorghum, followed by phosphate and potassium fertilizers. Balanced fertilization was beneficial to the balanced absorption of nutrients by sorghum plants. Compared with farmers’ habitual fertilization treatments, the uptake of N, P and K by sorghum increased by 17.52,3.68,32.46 kg / hm ~ 2.225.00 kg / hm ~ 2 nitrogen input can basically meet the local demand for high yield of sorghum, 75.00 kg / hm ~ 2 phosphate fertilizer input is higher than the demand, while the amount of potassium is not enough. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rates were 25.0%, 16.3% and 55.8% respectively. [Conclusion] From the aspect of balance of soil nutrient budget and utilization of fertilizer, the amount of potash fertilizer should be properly increased and the amount of phosphate fertilizer should be reduced on the basis of recommended fertilization treatment so as to optimize the fertilization scheme and achieve the purpose of high yield and high efficiency of sorghum.