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在中国近现代历史中,公众演讲曾经作为一种重要的启蒙民众形式而得到广泛实践。然而,除了作为“启蒙的声音”之外,公众演讲的意义还具有更为复杂、多元的可能。本文通过对来自德国、日本、美国三地不同的演讲实践与演讲话语的讨论,展现演讲在不同文化语境与历史脉络中所呈现出的多种面向,及其与身体、情感、共同体意识、国族危机、民主政治、教育体制、市民社会等重要论题之间的深切关联。以此为参照,我们或许可以重新聆听中国近现代史中的演讲实践,从“启蒙的声音”走向“声音的启蒙”。
In the modern history of China, public speech was widely practiced as an important form of enlightening the people. However, apart from being the “voice of enlightenment”, the significance of public speech is more complicated and diverse. Through the discussion of different speech practice and speech discourse from Germany, Japan and the United States, this paper shows the various aspects of speech presented in different cultural contexts and historical contexts, as well as their relationships with body, emotion and community, National crisis, democratic politics, education system, civil society and other important topics. Using this as a reference, we may be able to listen to the practice of lectures in modern Chinese history from “the voice of enlightenment” to “the enlightenment of voices”.