目的了解邵东县中小学生体质健康状况,分析其影响因素,为防治工作提供依据。方法根据《中国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》要求,对邵东县7 150名中小学生进行健康体检,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果中小学生中肥胖检出率为2.7%。中学生肥胖检出率2.9%高于小学生2.6%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.34,P>0.05);营养不良检出率为3.6%。中学生营养不良检出率4.0%高于小学生3.3%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.07,P>0.05);沙眼检出率为3.7%。小学生沙眼检出率4.6%显著高于中学生2.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.43,P<0.01);龋齿检出率为9.7%。小学生龋齿检出率14.7%显著高于中学生1.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=326.84,P<0.01);视力不良检出率为15.9%。中学生视力不良检出率30.6%显著高于小学生6.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=716.12,P<0.01)。中学生视力不良、小学生营养不良、沙眼、龋齿性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论视力不良、龋齿、沙眼、营养不良、肥胖为邵东县中小学生常见病,应该引起社会各方面的注意。对中小学校应加强实施健康教育知识干预,培养学生良好的学习及生活习惯,降低中小学生常见病发病率。 Objective To understand the physique and health status of primary and secondary school students in Shaodong County and analyze the influencing factors so as to provide basis for prevention and control work. Methods According to the requirements of Chinese Students’ Physical Health Examination and Examination Rules, 7 150 elementary and junior high school students in Shaodong County were given physical examination, and the data were analyzed statistically. Results The prevalence of obesity among primary and secondary school students was 2.7%. The prevalence of obesity in middle school students was 2.9% higher than that of primary school students (2.6%), with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.34, P> 0.05). The detection rate of malnutrition was 3.6%. The detection rate of malnutrition among middle school students was 4.0% higher than that of primary school students (3.3%), the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 2.07, P> 0.05). The detection rate of trachoma was 3.7%. Primary trachoma detection rate of 4.6% was significantly higher than secondary school students 2.3%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 23.43, P <0.01); detection rate of dental caries was 9.7%. The prevalence of dental caries in primary school students was 14.7%, which was significantly higher than that of middle school students (χ2 = 326.84, P <0.01). The rate of poor eyesight was 15.9%. The detection rate of poor eyesight in middle school students was 30.6%, which was significantly higher than that of primary school students (χ2 = 716.12, P <0.01). High school students with poor eyesight, malnutrition among primary school children, trachoma and dental caries showed significant differences in sex (P <0.05). Conclusions Poor eyesight, dental caries, trachoma, malnutrition and obesity are common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Shaodong County, which should arouse the attention of all sectors of society. Primary and secondary schools should strengthen the implementation of health education knowledge intervention, develop students’ good learning and living habits, reduce the incidence of common diseases of primary and secondary students.