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人的实践活动,受其哲学图景的制约。本文以光学史上有名的粒子说和波动说之争为引子,分析了牛顿之所以坚持粒子说是因为原子论束缚了他的思维,使他未能完成对光本质的全面认识。文中进一步分析了原子论对牛顿的影响还体现在他对天文学、数学、物理学及一些基本概念的理解。通过原子论对牛顿在科学实践中多方面影响的具体分析,文章试图说明哲学思想对科学家实践具有重要影响。这种影响体现在科学家的兴趣点、人们的思维方式、对相关事实判断的方法;只有当他们依据这种哲学图景从事科学活动进入僵局时,他们才有可能转向这些在传统上认为是哲学问题的元理论问题。因此笔者认为应当以一种宽容、开放的态度对待各种哲学流派,积极吸取古今中外哲学中的科学成分,树立正确的世界观,以促进自然科学的最大发展。
Human practice, subject to its philosophical landscape. In this paper, the author argues that the reason why Newton stuck to the particles is that atomic theory has bound his thinking, which made him fail to complete the comprehensive understanding of the essence of light. The article further analyzes the influence of atomic theory on Newton is also reflected in his understanding of astronomy, mathematics, physics and some basic concepts. Through the specific analysis of Newton’s influence on many aspects in the practice of science by atomic theory, the article attempts to illustrate that philosophy has an important influence on the practice of scientists. This influence is reflected in the points of interest of scientists, the way people think, the way in which relevant facts are judged; they are likely to turn to these traditionally considered philosophical problems only when they engage in scientific activity based on this philosophical picture Meta-theoretical problem. Therefore, I believe that all kinds of philosophical schools should be treated with a tolerant and open attitude, actively absorb the scientific elements in ancient and modern philosophies at home and abroad, and establish a correct world outlook so as to promote the maximum development of the natural sciences.