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论述了检测系统和基于拉锥技术的光纤表面等离子共振(SPR)传感器的详细设计。制定了基于SPR的光纤传感器检测水样品的盐度的比较方案，以满足一些实践需求，诸如精度，速度快，小尺寸和高灵敏度折射率单位(RIU)。利用Matlab和C++仿真得到了每个参数对光纤拉锥SPR传感器系统设计性能的影响，这为设备参数的合理选择提供了理论依据。设计了一种新的检测系统，将光学、机械和电子技术相结合。根据拉锥技术、模场分析理论及初步实验结果表明，该装置基本上达到了设计要求，如小巧、便携、良好的线性度和高度单位折射率。基于这个新设备对具有不同的盐度的NACL-水混合物进行了SPR实验，实验结果表明，可以实现对单个样品的精确检测。其谐振波长分辨率可以达到0.15 nm，同时，该检测结果具有较高的线性度和良好的稳定性，折射率(RI)检测偏差小于0.002。“,”In this thesis, the detail design of the system was discussed, including inspection system and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on taper technology. An Optical Fiber Sensor comparison scheme based on SPR detection of measuring the salinity of water sample was formulated to meet some practice requirements,such as accuracy, fast, small size and high sensitivity RIU (Refractive index units). The influence of each parameter on the optical fiber SPR sensor system design was simulated by using Matlab and C++, which gave a theoretical base for the choice of suitable parameters in device design. Then a new detection system, combing with optics, mechanism and electronic technology, was designed. According to the taper technology and mode field analysis theory, result of preliminary experiment shows that this device is basically met the design requirements such as compact, portable, good linearity and highly RIU. SPR experiments about NACL-water mixture with different salinity are implemented in this new device, and experimental results show that accurate detection on single sample can be achieved, and the detecting of the resonance wavelength differentiation is 0.15 nm, moreover, the detecting results has high linearity and good stability, and the refraction index(RI) detecting deviation is less than 0.002.