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在印地安具有亚热带潮湿气候特点的东北地区,本文对几种多种用途的树种进行研究。选择12种多用途树种种植在农林系统中,耳果相思(Acacia auriculiformis),种植间距为2m×2m(2500 个·hm-2),有很大的生长潜力。在 10 年期的短期轮伐中,每年有很高的产量(635 m3·hm-2),平均每年增涨量为 2.54×102 m3·tree-1·a-1,可以满足薪碳材的需要。所以,耳果相思(Acacia auriculiformis)是一种短期轮伐树种,适合种植在潮湿亚热带气候地区。另一方面,16年树龄的桉树(Eucalyptus hybrid)和黄兰(Michelia champaca) 种植间距为3m×3m (1111个·hm-2),分别有较高的生长量(315 m3·hm-2和165 m3·hm-2),平均每年每棵树增长量分别为1.77×10-2 m3和0.92 × 10-2 m3。16年树龄的印度石梓(Gmelina arborea) 木材产量为147 m3·hm-2,每年每树的增长量是 1.47×10-2 m3。其次为 Samania saman(140 m3·hm-2)和柚木(Tectona grandis (79 m3·hm-2)),平均每年每树的增长量分别是 1.40,1.13和0.78×10-2 m3。毒鼠豆属植物(Gliricidia maculate) 和银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala) 可以用作农厂的围栏并提供农作物的肥料。在植物园,种植树木的最初 8 年间,可以种植高地水稻(Oryza sativa–variety, AR-11), 落地花生(Arachis hypogaea–variety, JL-24)和胡麻(Sesamum indicum–variety,B-67)。由于林下郁闭度太大,在耳果相思(Acacia auriculiformis)林下的农作物产量不高,与空旷地的农作物比较产量有所降低。树木种植 8 年后,种植草料作物如,凤梨、姜黄、豇豆,它们的产量在印楝(Azadirachta indica)林下很高。高产量的农作物和园艺植物与具有高产量多种用途树种一起种植构成了有发展前景的农林系统,并改变土壤特性,改善土壤酸度,提高土壤有机质,降低土壤腐蚀度,提高土壤含水量。
In the northeastern region of India, which has subtropical humid climates, several species of tree species are studied in this paper. Acacia auriculiformis was planted in 12 agroforestry systems with 12 multi-purpose tree species. The planting spacing was 2m × 2m (2500 hm-2), which had great potential for growth. In the 10-year short-term rotation, there is a very high output (635 m3 · hm-2) per year, with an average annual increase of 2.54 × 102 m3 · tree-1 · a-1, need. Acacia auriculiformis is therefore a short-term, rotational tree species suitable for planting in humid subtropical climates. On the other hand, the distance between 16-year-old Eucalyptus hybrid and Michelia champaca was 3m × 3m (1111 · hm-2) with higher growth (315 m3 · hm-2 and 165 m3 · hm-2). The average annual growth of each tree was 1.77 × 10-2 m3 and 0.92 × 10-2 m3, respectively. The timber yield of Grixina arborea was 147 m3 · hm- 2, the annual growth of each tree is 1.47 × 10-2 m3. Followed by Samania saman (140 m3 · hm-2) and teak (Tectona grandis (79 m3 · hm-2)), with an average annual tree growth of 1.40, 1.13 and 0.78 × 10-2 m3, respectively. Gluricidia maculate and Leucaena leucocephala can be used as fences in farms and provide fertilizers for crops. Oryza sativa-variety (AR-11), Arachis hypogaea-variety (JL-24) and Sesamum indicum-variety (B-67) can be planted in the botanic gardens and trees for the first eight years. Due to too large canopy density, the yield of crops under the acacia auriculiformis forest is not high, and the yield is lower than that in the open fields. Eight years after tree planting, forage crops such as pineapple, turmeric and cowpea are grown and their yields are high under Azadirachta indica forests. High-yielding crops and horticultural plants planted with high-yielding multi-purpose tree species form promising agroforestry systems that alter soil characteristics, improve soil acidity, increase soil organic matter, reduce soil erosion, and increase soil moisture.