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亨利·詹姆斯对英美现代小说理论的成形和发展具有重大的影响 ,这一点是不容置疑的。但是 ,我们不能就此将所有重大的理论命题归结为詹姆斯的发明。实际上 ,对一些基本问题的认识 ,例如 ,小说是什么 ?语言的实质是什么 ?一直都在不同意见的争论中不断加深和发展着。而这种争论本身就构成了现代小说理论的重要组成部分。与詹姆斯同时代的R .L .斯蒂文森在这方面的努力就是一个很好的例证。本文从讨论斯蒂文森的短文《一则谦逊的谏诫》入手 ,就他提出的以下两个主要命题阐述这位与詹姆斯同时代的小说家的主要观点 :一 ,小说是叙事的艺术 ;二 ,文学模仿语言。在讨论过程中 ,将以詹姆斯的小说观为参照 ,考察斯蒂文森在哪些方面推进或补充了 2 0世纪初的小说理论。
It is indisputable that Henry James has a significant influence on the formation and development of Anglo-American modern novel theory. However, we can not at this point put all the major theoretical propositions into the invention of James. In fact, some basic questions, such as what is a novel and what is the essence of the language, have been continuously deepened and developed in the controversy of different opinions. This argument itself constitutes an important part of modern novel theory. R & L. James Stevenson contemporary efforts in this area is a good example. This article begins with a discussion of Stevenson’s short essay Humble Complaint and expounds the main points of his contemporary novelist with regard to the following two major propositions: First, fiction is the art of narration; Second, literature imitates the language. In the process of discussion, James’s novel view will be used as a reference to examine the areas where Stevenson promoted or supplemented the novel theory of the early 20th century.