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重组病毒载体疫苗的原理是将外源基因插入病毒基因组以构建重组病毒，免疫机体后在体内表达相应蛋白并诱导特异性免疫应答。该类疫苗具有载体种类多、插入片段长、能同时诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫等优势，能克服灭活疫苗的效力维持时间短和减毒活疫苗回复突变的弊端。此文综述了重组病毒载体疫苗的最新研究进展，为将来的研究提供参考。“,”Recombinant viral vector vaccine is developed by inserting foreign genes into a viral genome to construct the recombinant virus. After immunization, the recombinant virus leads to the expression of corresponding proteins in the body, which stimulates specific immune responses. This type of vaccine takes advantages of multiple types of vectors, long inserts, and ability to simultaneously induce humoral immunity and cellular immunity, meanwhile overcome shortcomings such as short immunity duration of inactivated vaccines and reverse mutation of live attenuated vaccines. This article summarizes recent research progress of recombinant viral vector vaccine to provide reference for future study.