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历史上光学与视觉理论的分离是个矛盾过程,它反映的不是人的眼睛从视觉对象中解放出来,而是由于对眼睛作为自然物质的光学工具的认识不断加深而观察者从光学中消失。17世纪,人类观察者逐渐从光学文献中消失。开普勒信任来自遥远的图像而怀疑直接的感觉,这是一个视觉悖论。科学的观察使得观察者从光学中消失成为必然。笛卡尔怀疑论是这一悖论的认识论阐释。
Historically, the separation of optics and visual theory was a paradox. It reflected not the emancipation of human eyes from visual objects but the disappearance of observers from optics by the deepening awareness of the optical tools as the natural material of the eye. In the 17th century, human observers gradually disappeared from the optical literature. It is a visual paradox that Kepler trusts distant images from distant images. Scientific observations make observers disappear from the optical becomes inevitable. Descartes’s skepticism is an epistemological explanation of this paradox.