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Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms,including ammoniaoxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA),are important to the global nitrogen cycle.These microbes catalyze the oxidization of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-),the ratelimiting step in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (Stahl and de la Torte,2012).Effects on the activity of the ammoniaoxidizing microbes could ultimately influence the global nitrogen cycle.Low rates of ammonia oxidization may result in failure of nitrogen removal,leading to eutrophication in water ecosystems.