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【目的】探讨维持性透析患者心力衰竭的临床特征及危险因素。【方法】选取本院维持性透析患者500例作为研究对象，根据患者发病情况分为三组，分别为舒张性心力衰竭（DHF）组、收缩性心力衰竭（SHF）组和正常心功能组，分析维持性透析合并DHF、SHF患者的临床特征，并行单因素和多因素分析。【结果】本组500例维持性透析患者，368．％（184／500）出现D H F ，160．％（80／500）出现S H F；D H F组、S H F组高血压、糖尿病、高龄（≥70岁）的几率均显著高于正常心功能组，其中D H F组高血压发生率为304．3％（56／184）显著高于SHF组13．75％（11／80），且差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）；SHF 组、DHF 组年龄、收缩压、B 型尿钠肽（BNP）、血尿酸与心功能正常组相比较差异均有显著性（ P ＜00．5），且DHF组收缩压高于SHF组，BNP、血尿酸显著低于SHF组（ P ＜00．5）；多因素 Logistic回归分析，高血压、高收缩压对DHF的影响更显著，高BNP、高血尿酸对SHF的影响更为显著。【结论】维持性透析合并DHF与SHF患者临床表现和危险因素存在差异，临床应根据患者心力衰竭类型确定防治方案。“,”[Objective]To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of heart failure in patients with maintenance dialysis .[Methods]Five hundred patients receiving maintenance dialysis in our hospital were selected as the study subjects .According to onset of the disease ,they were divided into three groups :the dias‐tolic heart failure (DHF) group ,systolic heart failure (SHF) group ,and normal cardiac function group .The clinical characteristics of the maintenance dialysis complicated with DHF and SHF were analyzed .Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed .[Results]Of the 500 patients with maintenance dialysis ,there were 184 (36 8.% ) complicated with DHF and 80 (16 0.% ) with SHF .The odds of hypertension ,diabetes ,and ad‐vanced age (≥70 years old) in the DHF and SHF groups were significantly higher than those in the normal cardiac function group .The incidence of hypertension in DHF group (30 4.3% ,56/184) was significantly high‐er than that in SHF group (13 7.5% ,11/80) ( P <0 0.5) .There were significant differences in age ,systolic blood pressure ,BNP(B‐type natriuretic peptide) ,and serum uric acid between the DHF group ,SHF group , and normal cardiac function group ( P <0 0.5) .The systolic blood pressure of the DHF group was higher than that of SHF group ,while BNP and blood uric acid were significantly lower than those in SHF group ( P <0 0.5) .The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the effects of hypertension and high systolic blood pressure on DHF were more significant ,while the effects of high BNP and high blood uric acid on the SHF was more significant .[Conclusion]There are differences in clinical manifestation and risk factors between maintenance dialysis complicated with DHF and SHF .In the clinic ,the treatment plan should be made accord‐ing to the type of heart failure in patients .