十九世纪六、七十年代,洋务派与守旧派围绕着同文馆是否增设天文算学馆和招收科甲正途士人而进行了一场激战。本文认为,此次论战的最大意义在于为西学传播创造了条件,中西文化开始正面碰撞、融合,中西学关系问题就此提上了中国近代化的进程。 In the 1960s and 1970s, the Westernizationists and the conservatives fought a fierce battle around whether or not to add an astronomical and computational center to the same studio and to recruit subjects of genuine origin in Section A. This paper argues that the greatest significance of this controversy lies in creating the conditions for the spread of Western learning. Chinese and Western cultures have begun to collide and merge. The issue of the relationship between China and the West has been put on the process of China’s modernization.