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以针叶林代表性地被植物锦丝藓和高山冷蕨为研究对象,采用凋落物分解网袋法,研究了高山林线交错带(暗针叶林-林线-高山草甸)的锦丝藓植物残体、高山冷蕨凋落叶及混合凋落物经过一个雪被期分解后的质量损失与土壤动物群落结构特征.结果表明:雪被期林线交错带上两种地被物的质量损失率在高山草甸最大,锦丝藓表现更为显著,两种凋落物混合促进了分解过程且在林线上表现尤为显著.在交错带凋落物中共获取土壤动物968头,隶属于5纲10目35科,优势类群以弹尾目和蜱螨目为主.在林线上凋落物中获得的土壤动物个体数和类群数高于高山草甸和暗针叶林.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,土壤动物类群与雪被期平均温度关系最为密切,特有物种如等翅目和地蜈蚣目仅在暗针叶林出现,半翅目和啮目仅在高山草甸出现.地被物种类对土壤动物多样性的影响在暗针叶林和高山草甸大于林线.多元回归分析表明,日平均温度和雪被厚度能够解释凋落物质量损失率变异的30.8%,而土壤动物因子能解释质量损失率变异的8.3%,它们共同解释质量损失率变异的34.1%.雪被是影响高山两种地被物凋落物分解的最关键因子.
The representative species of coniferous forest is Phyllostachys pubescens and Alpine cold fern, and the litter decomposition net bag method was used to study the distribution of Kamia alopecuroides and alpine meadow The results showed that the quality of two kinds of ground cover on the ecotone between snow-covered and stranded forest was the result of mass loss and soil fauna community after a period of snow was decomposed. The loss rate was the largest in the alpine meadow and the mulberry was more obvious, and the mixture of the two litters promoted the decomposition process and was particularly significant in the forest line. In the interlaced litter, 968 soil animals were obtained, belonging to 5 classes 10 orders and 35 families, and the dominant groups were the order Phasianidopsis and Acarina.The number of individuals and groups of soil fauna in litter were higher than that in the alpine meadow and dark coniferous forest.The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) The results showed that the soil fauna was most closely related to the mean temperature of snow, and the endemic species such as Isoptera and Centipede only appeared in dark coniferous forest, while the Hemiptera and Mesophyll appeared only in alpine meadow. Impact on soil animal diversity in dark coniferous forest and high Meadow was greater than that of the stands.Multivariate regression analysis showed that daily average temperature and snow thickness could account for 30.8% of the variation of litter weight loss, while soil fauna could account for 8.3% of the variation of mass loss, which together explained the mass loss rate 34.1% of variation snow is the most important factor affecting the decomposition of litter in two kinds of alpine mountains.