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日本《大店法》从制定、修改到最终废除历时20余年。这一过程是战后日美贸易摩擦博弈的重要组成部分,也与始于20世纪80年代中后期的日本国内规制缓和进程大致重合。对于日本政府而言,《大店法》的沿革是其在美国外压和国内各利益集团内压之间有效利用双层博弈的集中体现。这一案例的重要意义在于揭示了日本政府在应对外来压力和推进规制缓和的过程中,如何妥善处理各利益集团之间的关系,在促进市场开放、发挥竞争机制的同时,最大限度地维护本国的经济利益和社会文化传统。
Japan’s “big shop law” from the formulation, revision to the final repeal lasted more than 20 years. This process is an important part of the post-war Japan-US trade friction game and also roughly coincides with Japan’s domestic regulatory easing process that began in the mid-to-late 1980s. For the Japanese government, the evolution of the “big shop law” is a concentrated manifestation of its effective use of a two-level game between the external pressure on the United States and the internal pressure of domestic interest groups. The significance of this case lies in revealing how the Japanese government can properly handle the relations among various interest groups in the process of coping with external pressure and promoting regulatory easing. While promoting the market opening up and playing the competition mechanism, the Japanese government can safeguard its own country to the maximum extent Economic interests and social and cultural traditions.