目的:了解艾滋病高发区艾滋孤儿的生活技能状况并探讨其影响因素。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法于2008年7月份抽取艾滋病高发区河南省上蔡县5个乡镇500名艾滋孤儿,使用自制的调查表,对艾滋孤儿进行面对面的调查。运用非条件Logistic回归分析方法进行多因素分析。结果:本次调查共500人,回收有效问卷478份,艾滋孤儿年龄2～15岁,均为汉族。其中男童260人,占54.39%;女童218人,占45.61%。父母双方都因艾滋病去世的有188人,占39.33%;单方去世的290人,占60.67%。0～6岁艾滋孤儿有一定交友技能,但仍存在饮食、自立、精神和心理适应问题;7～15岁孤儿有一定交友及生活技能,但部分孤儿自我调节技能仍有欠缺。结论:艾滋孤儿生活质量仍较差,生活技能存在多方面欠缺,尤其是心理适应和自我调节方面。政府应在资金有限的情况下加大宣传力度并给予多方支持,保证艾滋孤儿的基本生活需求,并将生活技能辅导纳入下一步的帮扶重点。 Objective: To understand the life skills status of AIDS orphans in AIDS-prone areas and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: By stratified cluster sampling method, 500 AIDS orphans from 5 townships in Shangcai County, Henan Province were collected from high AIDS-affected areas in July 2008, and self-made questionnaires were used to conduct face-to-face investigations on AIDS orphans. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 500 people in this survey, 478 valid questionnaires were collected, AIDS orphans age 2 to 15 years old, are Han. Among them, 260 were boys, accounting for 54.39%; 218 were girls, accounting for 45.61%. There were 188 people who died of AIDS on both sides, accounting for 39.33%; 290 persons died unilaterally, accounting for 60.67%. AIDS orphans aged 0-6 have some skills of making friends, but there are still diet, self-reliance, mental and psychological problems. Some orphans aged 7-15 have some friends and life skills, but some orphans still lack self-adjustment skills. Conclusion: AIDS orphans living quality is still poor, there are many aspects of life skills lacking, especially in psychological adaptation and self-regulation. The government should intensify publicity efforts and give multi-faceted support under the limited funds to ensure the basic needs of AIDS orphans and include life skills counseling in the next step.