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目的了解云南省2015年青年学生的艾滋病防治知识知晓情况,并与2005年调查结果进行比较,为评估10年来青年学生艾滋病宣传教育的效果和制定下一步宣传教育策略提供依据。方法分层整群随机抽取全省16个州(市)大学、大专、中专和职高的12 958名在校青年学生进行问卷调查,收集基本人口学信息和艾滋病防治知识知晓情况。结果 2015年云南省青年学生对握手(93.0%)、共用针具(97.1%)、无保护性交(95.3%)、母婴传播(93.5%)、血液传播(97.1%)等能否传播艾滋病问题的正答率较高,对蚊虫叮咬(65.3%)是否传播艾滋病,冲洗阴道(63.9%)、外用避孕膏/膜(69.0%)、不共用注射器(62.6%)、使用清洁注射器(60.6%)能否预防艾滋病等问题的正答率较低,各知识问题正答率均较2005年有不同程度的提高;艾滋病基本知识知晓率为83.9%,20岁以下(80.3%)、少数民族(80.7%)和低年级(82.8%)学生较20岁及以上(87.9%)、汉族(86.0%)和高年级(88.0%)学生的知晓率低,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为141.5,62.3,44.7,P值均<0.01);获得艾滋病知识的主要途径为电视(85.1%)、网络(71.1%)、报刊/书籍(67.7%)和免费宣传材料(65.5%),获取知识的各种途径比例较2005年均有不同程度升高,其中通过网络获得艾滋病知识比例提升最高。结论云南省青年学生艾滋病知识知晓率有了显著提高,但仍存在20岁以下和少数民族学生艾滋病预防知识知晓率较低问题。学校艾滋病宣传教育有效性、针对性有待进一步加强。
Objective To understand the awareness of HIV / AIDS among young students in Yunnan Province in 2015 and compare them with the 2005 survey results to provide evidence for assessing the effectiveness of HIV / AIDS education among young students in the past 10 years and formulating the publicity and education strategies for the next step. Methods A total of 12 958 young students from universities, colleges, secondary technical schools and vocational high schools in 16 prefectures (cities) in the province were randomly selected from the stratified cluster to conduct questionnaires to collect basic demographic information and knowledge of AIDS prevention and control. Results The problem of AIDS among young students in Yunnan Province in 2015 (93.0%), sharing needles (97.1%), unprotected intercourse (95.3%), mother and child transmission (93.5%) and blood transmission (63.9%), external contraceptive cream / film (69.0%), no syringes (62.6%) and clean syringes (60.6%) were able to respond to mosquito bites (65.3% AIDS and AIDS prevention and treatment, the rate of positive and negative answers to all knowledge questions was raised to some extent from 2005; the basic knowledge rate of AIDS was 83.9%, under 20 years old (80.3%), ethnic minorities (80.7%) and The awareness rate of low grade (82.8%) students was lower than that of students aged 20 years old and above (87.9%), Han (86.0%) and senior (88.0%) students (χ2 values were 141.5 and 62.3 respectively) 44.7, P <0.01). The main ways to obtain HIV / AIDS knowledge were television (85.1%), network (71.1%), newspapers / books (67.7%) and free publicity materials The proportions have risen to varying degrees compared with those in 2005. Among them, the proportion of HIV / AIDS knowledge acquired through the Internet has been the highest. Conclusion The awareness rate of HIV / AIDS among young students in Yunnan Province has significantly increased, but there is still a low awareness rate of AIDS prevention knowledge among students under 20 years old and ethnic minority students. School AIDS awareness and effectiveness of education, targeted to be further strengthened.