目的:探讨髂窝恶性肿瘤误诊为腰椎间盘突出症的原因。方法:报告1例曾被误诊为腰椎间盘突出症并行椎板切除减压术的髂窝原始神经外胚层肿瘤病例,复习国内外相关文献11篇。结果:髂窝内肿物压迫致腰骶丛神经各主要分支均受损害,病理活检结果为软组织原始神经外胚层肿瘤。拟行手术切除结合手术前后动脉灌注化疗。结论:起病隐匿、持续性疼痛、进行性加重、对体位改变无反应是恶性肿瘤压迫坐骨神经所致的惟一最具特征性的疼痛模式。 Objective: To investigate the causes of misdiagnosis of iliac fossa malignant tumor as lumbar disc herniation. Methods: One case of iliac fossa primitive neuroectodermal tumor, which had been misdiagnosed as lumbar disc herniation complicated with laminectomy and decompression, was reviewed. There were 11 articles reviewed at home and abroad. Results: All the major branches of lumbosacral plexus nerves were impaired due to the compression of the tumor in the iliac fossa. The pathological biopsy result was the primitive neuroectodermal tumor of soft tissue. Surgical resection combined with arterial perfusion chemotherapy before and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The onset of occult, persistent pain, progressive exacerbations, and no response to changes in position are the single most characteristic modes of pain resulting from the compression of the sciatic nerve by malignant tumors.