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橡胶为重要工业物资,现代化工业中钢铁与橡胶的比例约为100:1—1.5。目前天然橡胶的90％来自巴西三叶橡胶树(Heveabrasillensis,以后简称橡胶树)的胶乳。橡胶树的原产地为南美洲巴西赤道附近的亚马孙河流域,后来的盛产地则为东南亚的马来西亚和印尼等地。我国引种橡胶树最早开始于1904年。1950年前仅海南岛有少数几个略具生产规模的小胶园,每年生产干胶不到200吨。解放后国家重视发展天然橡胶,经过30年的努力,至1981年全国产胶量达12.8万吨,已超过解放前年产量的600多倍,取得很大成绩。在五十年代初期,世界上除我国外没有一个国家把橡胶树种到北纬17°以北的地点。当时有人认为北纬17°以北的地区是不宜植胶的(可能出现低于10℃的温度,而这个温度被认为是不利于纯热带性植物生长的)。我国冬季寒潮强烈,冷空气往往可以影响到北纬20°以南的地区。因此,有人把北纬17°以北视为禁区。但是我国的实际情况冲破了上述框框的限制。经过三十年的艰苦努力,我国不但把橡胶树种到北纬17°以北的海南岛,还把橡胶树种到北纬20度以北的粤、滇、桂、闽等地,这就是橡胶树北移种植或简称橡胶树北移。目前试种成功最北的地点有四川安宁河谷(北纬26°,海拔1000多米)和福建(北纬25°),而生产性最北的农场为云南怒江(北纬25度)和福建南部一些农场(超过北纬24度)。
Rubber is an important industrial material, and the ratio of steel to rubber in the modern industry is about 100: 1-1.5. At present, 90% of natural rubber comes from the latex of Heveabrasillensis (Heveabrasillensis). The origin of the rubber tree is the Amazon basin near the equator of Brazil in South America, while the later rich areas are Malaysia and Indonesia in Southeast Asia. The rubber tree introduced in China first started in 1904. Only a handful of small rubber plants with a slightly larger scale of production in Hainan Island before 1950 were producing less than 200 tons of rubber annually. After the liberation of the state attaches great importance to the development of natural rubber, after 30 years of hard work, to 1981 national production capacity of 12.8 million tons of rubber, has more than 600 times the annual output before liberation, and achieved great success. In the early 1950s, none of the countries in the world except the one in my country started rubber tree species to sites north of latitude 17 ° north. At that time, some people thought that areas north of latitude 17 ° should not be glued (a temperature below 10 ° C may be present, which is considered to be detrimental to the growth of purely tropical plants). China’s winter cold strong, cold air can often affect the latitude 20 ° south of the area. Therefore, some people regard the north of 17o North Latitude as a forbidden zone. However, the actual situation in our country has broken the above-mentioned limits. After thirty years of arduous efforts, China has not only rubber species to Hainan Island, 17 ° north latitude, rubber trees to Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi and Fujian north of 20 degrees north latitude, which is the rubber tree northward transplanting Or simply rubber tree north. At present, the most successful sites for cultivation are the Anning River Valley in Sichuan (latitude 26 ° north and elevation 1,000 meters) and Fujian (latitude 25 °). The most productive farms are the Nu River in Yunnan (25 ° N) and some farms in southern Fujian 24 degrees north latitude).