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一、重点单词
1. upset
【考纲释义】 vt. 使心烦意乱;搅乱adj. 混乱的;心烦意乱的;倾覆的n. 翻倒;倾覆;混乱,搅乱;心烦意乱;(肠胃的)不舒服
【备考实例】1. I don’t want you falling behind or your father will be __________ with me.
A. upset B. satisfied
C. worried D. nervous
2. You’ll __________ your stomach if you eat too much rich food.
A. trouble B. beat
C. upset D. strike
【考点解析】例1句意“你不要落下功课,否则你爸爸该生我的气了。”upset用作形容词,表示“难过的;心烦的”,构成搭配be upset about sth.“为某事心烦;为某事难过”。答案为A。例2句意“你如果吃了太多的油腻食物,会把胃弄得不舒服的。”upset用作动词,意为“(肠胃的)不舒服”,答案为C。
【知识拓展】
be upset about 为……感到心烦
upset oneself 感到心烦
upset the balance of 打破……的平衡
2. guarantee
【考纲释义】 vt. 担保;保证n. 担保物;抵押物;保证书
【备考实例】
The possession of a degree does not __________ you a job.
A. guard B. guarantee
C. judge D. value
【考点解析】句意“拥有一个学位不能保证你找到工作。”答案为B。guarantee意为“保证;确保”,符合题意。Guard意为“守卫;保卫”,judge意为“判断;判决”,value意为“珍视;看重”。
【知识拓展】
guarantee sb. against / from……保证某人不受……
guarantee sth. to sb.向某人保证
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
guarantee sth. to be 保证某物是
guarantee that… 保证……
3. gather
【考纲释义】 vi. & vt. 集合;聚集;采集
【备考实例】Bars are places where people
__________ to drink and enjoy themselves.
A. collected B. gathered
C. selected D. elected
【考点解析】句意“酒吧是人们相聚饮酒享乐的地方。”gather意为“聚集;集合”,符合句意,答案为B。
【知识拓展】
gather in收割(庄稼);集拢
gather round聚集在……周围
gather together集合;集聚;收集
gather up收集;拾起;概括
4. rate
【考纲释义】 n. 价格;费用;速度;效率
【备考实例】We are, if not the masters, at any ____________ almost the creators of ourselves.
A. rate B. case
C. way D. degree
【考点解析】句意“如果我们不是自己的主人,无论如何就几乎是自己的创造者。”答案为A,at any rate意为“无论如何;不管怎样”,符合句意。
【知识拓展】
at this/ that rate照此情形;如此下去
at any rate无论如何;不管怎样;至少
5. overcome
【考纲释义】 vt. 战胜;克服
【备考实例】It’s something we all face, to some degree, I think. The key question: how do you ________ that fear?
A. satisfy B. disappoint
C. overcome D. smooth
【考点解析】句意“某种程度上讲,我想这是很多人都面临的问题。关键问题是:如何去克服那种恐惧呢?”答案为C,overcome意为“战胜;克服”,多指战胜或克服非物质的东西,如困难和不良习惯等。
【知识拓展】
overcome, conquer, win和beat辨析
overcome意为“克服、战胜”,指成功地战胜某人或某物,现在多用于非物质性的东西。conquer 意为“征服、战胜”,含有暗指胜利的意思,但主要强调征服自然或用武力控制败方或占领败方的领土等。也可以用于体力、智力、以及道德力量控制了某人或克服了某些困难等。win意为“在……获胜”,它后面常接战斗、比赛、辩论、选举、奖品、奖牌等。后面不以人作宾语。beat意为“战胜”,主要用于运动、比赛等方面战胜对手。后面可以接人。
6. sacrifice
【考纲释义】 n. & vt. 牺牲;奉献
【备考实例】
1. He is always ready to _______ his personal interest to public good.
A. risk B. charge C. sacrifice D. price
2. He has to sell his house at a ________ in order to pay his gambling debts.
A. price B. sacrifice
C. contribution D. devotion
【考点解析】例1句意“他随时准备为大家的利益而牺牲自身利益。”sarcifice用作动词,意为“牺牲”, 符合句意,答案为C。例2句意“为了偿付赌债,他只好亏本出卖自己的房子。”at a sacrifice意为“亏本出售”。答案为B。
【知识拓展】
at a sacrifice 亏本出售
at the sacrifice of以……为代价
make all sacrifices不惜一切代价
make a sacrifice for 为……作出牺牲
sacrifice… for / to 为……而牺牲
7. insist
【考纲释义】 vt. 坚持;坚持认为
【备考实例】
She insisted that she ________ someone in the house and that a policeman _______ to make sure.
A. hear; be called in
B. heard; was called in
C. hear; was called in
D. heard; be called in
【考点解析】句意“她坚持认为她听到了房子里有人并坚持要求去叫一名警察来确认。”insist作“坚持要求”解时,后接宾语从句,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”;当作“坚持认为;坚持说”时,则其后宾语从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。答案为D。
【知识拓展】
insist on doing sth.坚持做某事
8. resist
【考纲释义】 vt. 抵抗;对抗;忍住
【备考实例】
The dolls were so lovely that I couldn’t resist ________ one for my daughter.
A. buying B. to buying
C. to buy D. being bought
【考点解析】句意“这些玩具太可爱了,我禁不住给女儿买了一个。”couldn’t resist doing sth意为“忍不住做某事”,答案为A。
【知识拓展】
resist doing sth抗拒做某事;忍住做某事
can’t help doing sth禁不住做某事
can’t help but do禁不住做
9. supply
【考纲释义】 n. 供应;供给;供应品 vt. 供应;提供
【备考实例】
If you can ________ us with goods of high quality, we will not care much for price.A. send B. sell
C. supply D. afford
【考点解析】句意“如您能提供优质产品,我们对价格是不会在意的。”考查搭配supply…with sth. “向……供应某物”。答案为C。
【知识拓展】
in short supply 缺乏;供应不足
a supply of = supplies of 大量的
supply and demand供求关系
supply sth. to sb. 向某人供应某物
supply sb. with sth. 向某人供应某物
provide sb. with sth.向某人供应某物
provide sth. for sb. 向某人供应某物
二、重点短语
1. look into调查;观察
The Government set up a working party to look into the problem.政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。
We should look into the future instead of always living in the past.我们应该向前看,不要总是生活在过去。
【知识拓展】
look about/around环顾;仔细观察
look after照看;照管
look for寻找
look up向上看;查找
look out注意; 当心
look down upon/on看不起
look forward to盼望, 期待
2. get/ be tired of 对……感到厌倦;对……失去兴趣
People get tired of a man who is always blowing his own horn. 喜欢自我炫耀的人总令人讨厌。
I was tired of doing the same thing every day. 天天做的事几乎一模一样,使我感到厌烦得要命。
【知识拓展】
be tired from因……疲倦; 因……而疲劳
be fond of 喜欢
be proud of以……为骄傲
3. cool off变凉;冷却;冷静
Let’s go and have icecream to cool off.
咱们去吃点冰淇淋凉快凉快吧。
I hope the two countries will cool off a bit, or there will be a war. 我希望两个国家都冷静一点,否则将有一场战争。
【知识拓展】
cool down凉快起来; 渐渐冷却;使平静; 使冷静
remain / keep cool保持凉爽;保持冷静
4. every now and then常常,不时地
The boat went on, stopping every now and then to take people in.船往前航行,不时停下接纳乘客。
Every now and then,she received letters from former students.时不时地,她会收到以前学生的来信。
【知识拓展】
表示“不时地”含义的词还有:(a little) now and (a little) then; from time to time; occasionally; sometimes
5. in honour of纪念
The monument was erected in honour of the soldiers who died for the country.这座纪念碑是纪念为国牺牲的士兵而建立的。
I have cooked a special meal in honour of our visitors.我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。
【知识拓展】
do sb. honour / do honour to sb. 向某人致敬
put sb. on his honour 使某人以人格担保
do sb. the honour of / have the honour of / to 给某人……之荣幸
6. in vain 徒然;枉然
Day after day she waited in vain for him to telephone her. 日复一日, 她徒劳地等待他的电话。
We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我们想使他改变主意,结果是白费心机。
【知识拓展】
A vain attempt 没有结果的尝试
labour in vain 白费
a vain promise 空头承诺
a vain girl 虚荣心强的女孩子
make a vain effort 瞎费劲
三、重点句型解析
1. should引导的虚拟倒装句
【课文原句】Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you might want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你有要打点行装去探究世界的愿望,或许你会考虑以下这些目的地中的一个。
【经典考例】________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(2007湖北卷)
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
【考点解析】答案为B。当if条件状语从句中含有助动词were, had或should时,可以省去if,将were, had或should提到主语前面,构成倒装句。本题正常句序是If you should be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off。
2. 过去分词短语做状语
【课文原句】 Located in southern Austria, Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers. Kitzbuhel位于奥地利南部,是滑雪运动爱好者的天堂。
【经典考例】1. ______ in a white uniform, he look more like a cook than a doctor. (NMET2005 湖南卷 )
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. having dressed
2. ______ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (NMET2005 湖北卷 )
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
【考点解析】过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子中的主语,表示被动或完成意义。例1答案为 A 。过去分词短语 Dressed in a white uniform,相当于 Being dressed in … 作方式状语。本句的意思是:穿着白色的制服,如其说他是个大夫,还不如说他更像个厨师。例2答案为C 。此题考查非谓语动词的用法,为过去分词作原因状语,“having been separated ” 表示“已经被分开了许多年”,而“ being separated ”表示“正在被分开”,“ having separated ”表示主动,“ to be separated ”表示“目的”。
3. 拟人写作手法
【课文原句】The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr. King was shot and killed in 1968. 在20世纪60年代这座城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串的冲突以及金博士在1968被枪杀。
【经典考例】 The year 2008 ________ remarkable changes in Beijing’s landscape.
A. met B. saw
C. read D. looked
【考点解析】答案为B。The year see…是一种拟人化的写作手法,以增强句子的表现力。See意为“(在某段时间或某地)发生;经历”。这种句子的谓语动词通常是see, witness, tell, show, make, bring, enable, remind, prevent, keep等。
4. that引导的同位语从句
【课文原句】 There are signs that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past. 种种迹象表明一个崭新的截然不同的南部正在走出过去的黑暗。
【经典考例】Information has been put forward ____________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A.while B.thatC.whenD.as
【考点解析】同位语从句是用一个句子对一个名词(常见的有fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等)的内容给以更具体、更详细的表述或说明。本题答案是B。考查的是that引导同位语从句的用法。主句是information has been put forward。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是information的同位语从句。
5. 过去分词作定语
【课文原句】Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War. 亚特兰大很快从内战的毁坏中恢复过来。
【经典考例】Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than that before.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
【考点解析】 过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,相当于一个被被动意义的定语从句。此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。我们可以把 bought through 还原成一个定语从句:Prices of daily goods that are bought through a computer… ,可知最佳答案为 B 项。
1. upset
【考纲释义】 vt. 使心烦意乱;搅乱adj. 混乱的;心烦意乱的;倾覆的n. 翻倒;倾覆;混乱,搅乱;心烦意乱;(肠胃的)不舒服
【备考实例】1. I don’t want you falling behind or your father will be __________ with me.
A. upset B. satisfied
C. worried D. nervous
2. You’ll __________ your stomach if you eat too much rich food.
A. trouble B. beat
C. upset D. strike
【考点解析】例1句意“你不要落下功课,否则你爸爸该生我的气了。”upset用作形容词,表示“难过的;心烦的”,构成搭配be upset about sth.“为某事心烦;为某事难过”。答案为A。例2句意“你如果吃了太多的油腻食物,会把胃弄得不舒服的。”upset用作动词,意为“(肠胃的)不舒服”,答案为C。
【知识拓展】
be upset about 为……感到心烦
upset oneself 感到心烦
upset the balance of 打破……的平衡
2. guarantee
【考纲释义】 vt. 担保;保证n. 担保物;抵押物;保证书
【备考实例】
The possession of a degree does not __________ you a job.
A. guard B. guarantee
C. judge D. value
【考点解析】句意“拥有一个学位不能保证你找到工作。”答案为B。guarantee意为“保证;确保”,符合题意。Guard意为“守卫;保卫”,judge意为“判断;判决”,value意为“珍视;看重”。
【知识拓展】
guarantee sb. against / from……保证某人不受……
guarantee sth. to sb.向某人保证
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
guarantee sth. to be 保证某物是
guarantee that… 保证……
3. gather
【考纲释义】 vi. & vt. 集合;聚集;采集
【备考实例】Bars are places where people
__________ to drink and enjoy themselves.
A. collected B. gathered
C. selected D. elected
【考点解析】句意“酒吧是人们相聚饮酒享乐的地方。”gather意为“聚集;集合”,符合句意,答案为B。
【知识拓展】
gather in收割(庄稼);集拢
gather round聚集在……周围
gather together集合;集聚;收集
gather up收集;拾起;概括
4. rate
【考纲释义】 n. 价格;费用;速度;效率
【备考实例】We are, if not the masters, at any ____________ almost the creators of ourselves.
A. rate B. case
C. way D. degree
【考点解析】句意“如果我们不是自己的主人,无论如何就几乎是自己的创造者。”答案为A,at any rate意为“无论如何;不管怎样”,符合句意。
【知识拓展】
at this/ that rate照此情形;如此下去
at any rate无论如何;不管怎样;至少
5. overcome
【考纲释义】 vt. 战胜;克服
【备考实例】It’s something we all face, to some degree, I think. The key question: how do you ________ that fear?
A. satisfy B. disappoint
C. overcome D. smooth
【考点解析】句意“某种程度上讲,我想这是很多人都面临的问题。关键问题是:如何去克服那种恐惧呢?”答案为C,overcome意为“战胜;克服”,多指战胜或克服非物质的东西,如困难和不良习惯等。
【知识拓展】
overcome, conquer, win和beat辨析
overcome意为“克服、战胜”,指成功地战胜某人或某物,现在多用于非物质性的东西。conquer 意为“征服、战胜”,含有暗指胜利的意思,但主要强调征服自然或用武力控制败方或占领败方的领土等。也可以用于体力、智力、以及道德力量控制了某人或克服了某些困难等。win意为“在……获胜”,它后面常接战斗、比赛、辩论、选举、奖品、奖牌等。后面不以人作宾语。beat意为“战胜”,主要用于运动、比赛等方面战胜对手。后面可以接人。
6. sacrifice
【考纲释义】 n. & vt. 牺牲;奉献
【备考实例】
1. He is always ready to _______ his personal interest to public good.
A. risk B. charge C. sacrifice D. price
2. He has to sell his house at a ________ in order to pay his gambling debts.
A. price B. sacrifice
C. contribution D. devotion
【考点解析】例1句意“他随时准备为大家的利益而牺牲自身利益。”sarcifice用作动词,意为“牺牲”, 符合句意,答案为C。例2句意“为了偿付赌债,他只好亏本出卖自己的房子。”at a sacrifice意为“亏本出售”。答案为B。
【知识拓展】
at a sacrifice 亏本出售
at the sacrifice of以……为代价
make all sacrifices不惜一切代价
make a sacrifice for 为……作出牺牲
sacrifice… for / to 为……而牺牲
7. insist
【考纲释义】 vt. 坚持;坚持认为
【备考实例】
She insisted that she ________ someone in the house and that a policeman _______ to make sure.
A. hear; be called in
B. heard; was called in
C. hear; was called in
D. heard; be called in
【考点解析】句意“她坚持认为她听到了房子里有人并坚持要求去叫一名警察来确认。”insist作“坚持要求”解时,后接宾语从句,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”;当作“坚持认为;坚持说”时,则其后宾语从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。答案为D。
【知识拓展】
insist on doing sth.坚持做某事
8. resist
【考纲释义】 vt. 抵抗;对抗;忍住
【备考实例】
The dolls were so lovely that I couldn’t resist ________ one for my daughter.
A. buying B. to buying
C. to buy D. being bought
【考点解析】句意“这些玩具太可爱了,我禁不住给女儿买了一个。”couldn’t resist doing sth意为“忍不住做某事”,答案为A。
【知识拓展】
resist doing sth抗拒做某事;忍住做某事
can’t help doing sth禁不住做某事
can’t help but do禁不住做
9. supply
【考纲释义】 n. 供应;供给;供应品 vt. 供应;提供
【备考实例】
If you can ________ us with goods of high quality, we will not care much for price.A. send B. sell
C. supply D. afford
【考点解析】句意“如您能提供优质产品,我们对价格是不会在意的。”考查搭配supply…with sth. “向……供应某物”。答案为C。
【知识拓展】
in short supply 缺乏;供应不足
a supply of = supplies of 大量的
supply and demand供求关系
supply sth. to sb. 向某人供应某物
supply sb. with sth. 向某人供应某物
provide sb. with sth.向某人供应某物
provide sth. for sb. 向某人供应某物
二、重点短语
1. look into调查;观察
The Government set up a working party to look into the problem.政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。
We should look into the future instead of always living in the past.我们应该向前看,不要总是生活在过去。
【知识拓展】
look about/around环顾;仔细观察
look after照看;照管
look for寻找
look up向上看;查找
look out注意; 当心
look down upon/on看不起
look forward to盼望, 期待
2. get/ be tired of 对……感到厌倦;对……失去兴趣
People get tired of a man who is always blowing his own horn. 喜欢自我炫耀的人总令人讨厌。
I was tired of doing the same thing every day. 天天做的事几乎一模一样,使我感到厌烦得要命。
【知识拓展】
be tired from因……疲倦; 因……而疲劳
be fond of 喜欢
be proud of以……为骄傲
3. cool off变凉;冷却;冷静
Let’s go and have icecream to cool off.
咱们去吃点冰淇淋凉快凉快吧。
I hope the two countries will cool off a bit, or there will be a war. 我希望两个国家都冷静一点,否则将有一场战争。
【知识拓展】
cool down凉快起来; 渐渐冷却;使平静; 使冷静
remain / keep cool保持凉爽;保持冷静
4. every now and then常常,不时地
The boat went on, stopping every now and then to take people in.船往前航行,不时停下接纳乘客。
Every now and then,she received letters from former students.时不时地,她会收到以前学生的来信。
【知识拓展】
表示“不时地”含义的词还有:(a little) now and (a little) then; from time to time; occasionally; sometimes
5. in honour of纪念
The monument was erected in honour of the soldiers who died for the country.这座纪念碑是纪念为国牺牲的士兵而建立的。
I have cooked a special meal in honour of our visitors.我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。
【知识拓展】
do sb. honour / do honour to sb. 向某人致敬
put sb. on his honour 使某人以人格担保
do sb. the honour of / have the honour of / to 给某人……之荣幸
6. in vain 徒然;枉然
Day after day she waited in vain for him to telephone her. 日复一日, 她徒劳地等待他的电话。
We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我们想使他改变主意,结果是白费心机。
【知识拓展】
A vain attempt 没有结果的尝试
labour in vain 白费
a vain promise 空头承诺
a vain girl 虚荣心强的女孩子
make a vain effort 瞎费劲
三、重点句型解析
1. should引导的虚拟倒装句
【课文原句】Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you might want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你有要打点行装去探究世界的愿望,或许你会考虑以下这些目的地中的一个。
【经典考例】________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(2007湖北卷)
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
【考点解析】答案为B。当if条件状语从句中含有助动词were, had或should时,可以省去if,将were, had或should提到主语前面,构成倒装句。本题正常句序是If you should be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off。
2. 过去分词短语做状语
【课文原句】 Located in southern Austria, Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers. Kitzbuhel位于奥地利南部,是滑雪运动爱好者的天堂。
【经典考例】1. ______ in a white uniform, he look more like a cook than a doctor. (NMET2005 湖南卷 )
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. having dressed
2. ______ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (NMET2005 湖北卷 )
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
【考点解析】过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子中的主语,表示被动或完成意义。例1答案为 A 。过去分词短语 Dressed in a white uniform,相当于 Being dressed in … 作方式状语。本句的意思是:穿着白色的制服,如其说他是个大夫,还不如说他更像个厨师。例2答案为C 。此题考查非谓语动词的用法,为过去分词作原因状语,“having been separated ” 表示“已经被分开了许多年”,而“ being separated ”表示“正在被分开”,“ having separated ”表示主动,“ to be separated ”表示“目的”。
3. 拟人写作手法
【课文原句】The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr. King was shot and killed in 1968. 在20世纪60年代这座城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串的冲突以及金博士在1968被枪杀。
【经典考例】 The year 2008 ________ remarkable changes in Beijing’s landscape.
A. met B. saw
C. read D. looked
【考点解析】答案为B。The year see…是一种拟人化的写作手法,以增强句子的表现力。See意为“(在某段时间或某地)发生;经历”。这种句子的谓语动词通常是see, witness, tell, show, make, bring, enable, remind, prevent, keep等。
4. that引导的同位语从句
【课文原句】 There are signs that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past. 种种迹象表明一个崭新的截然不同的南部正在走出过去的黑暗。
【经典考例】Information has been put forward ____________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A.while B.thatC.whenD.as
【考点解析】同位语从句是用一个句子对一个名词(常见的有fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等)的内容给以更具体、更详细的表述或说明。本题答案是B。考查的是that引导同位语从句的用法。主句是information has been put forward。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是information的同位语从句。
5. 过去分词作定语
【课文原句】Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War. 亚特兰大很快从内战的毁坏中恢复过来。
【经典考例】Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than that before.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
【考点解析】 过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,相当于一个被被动意义的定语从句。此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。我们可以把 bought through 还原成一个定语从句:Prices of daily goods that are bought through a computer… ,可知最佳答案为 B 项。