明代监察制度与历代不同,有一种特殊的职能—制约皇权。明代规定:监察官员的职掌“主德阙违,朝政失得,百官贤佞”。“凡制敕宣行,大事复奏,小事署而颁之;有失,封还执奏。”(《明史》职官志)封驳诏敕可以说是监察官员(史书称御史与给事中为“言官”,在此我们称之为监察官员,简称监官。)制约皇权的最大体现。虽然是皇帝的圣旨,监官若认为不合适或有误,也可以驳回不予下达。廷议,许多时候主持者是 Ming Dynasty supervisory system and different generations, there is a special function - the constraints of imperial power. Ming regulations: monitoring officer’s work “the main rule of the breach, the DPRK lost, full of talents.” “Where the system 敕 敕 宣, events repertoire, small matters Department and issued; loss, seal performance.” (“History of the Ming,” Zhi-min) seal dismissal Chao can be said that the supervision officer In the “speech officer”, here we call the supervision officer, referred to as supervision officer.) Restriction of the greatest manifestation of imperial power. Although it is the imperial edict of the emperor, the superintendent may refuse not to be released if it considers it inappropriate or wrong. Ting proposed, many times the host is