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基于刚性水锤理论,考虑了压力管道的水流惯性及实际水轮机特性和调速器作用,运用稳定性理论,推导了气垫式调压室临界稳定断面积的详细公式。在此基础上分析最不利稳定断面积的取值,根据近年来国内十个不同水头段引水式水电站的资料,进行该公式各项参数的统计分析。结果表明:气垫式临界稳定断面详细公式主要由考虑水轮机特性的引水隧洞水流惯性项F_(th1)、压力管道项F_(th2)及调速器特性项F_(th3)三部分组成,在形式上与常规调压室一致,区别仅在于(1+m×p_0/l_0)倍的系数关系。气垫式调压室最不利稳定断面积取决于最大水头与设计水头之间的某个既能满足(1+m×p_0/l_0)较大,也能满足e>1的水头。随着电站设计水头的增大,系数(1+m×p_0/l_0)的值也呈线性增大趋势,不能笼统地判断气垫式调压室适用于高水头水电站,应根据电站的工程规模作进一步详细论证。
Based on the rigid water hammer theory, considering the flow inertia of the pressure pipe, the actual turbine characteristics and the governor function, the detailed formula of the critical stable cross-sectional area of the air-cushion surge chamber is deduced by using the stability theory. On this basis, the most unfavorable stable cross-sectional area is analyzed. Based on the data of 10 domestic diversion stations in recent years, the statistical analysis of various parameters of the formula is carried out. The results show that the detailed formula of air-cushioned critical stable section is mainly composed of three parts: the inertia of water flow tunnel F_ (th1), the pressure pipeline F_ (th2) and the governor characteristic F_ (th3) Consistent with the conventional surge chamber, the difference lies only in the coefficient relationship of (1 + m × p_0 / l_0) times. The most unfavorable stable cross-sectional area of the air-cushioned surge tank depends on the head between the maximum head and the design head that satisfies both (1 + m × p_0 / l_0) and e> 1. With the increase of head design, the value of coefficient (1 + m × p_0 / l_0) also increases linearly. It can not be generally judged that the air-cushion surge chamber is suitable for high-head hydropower station. It should be based on the scale of the project Further detailed argument.