概况如果把就业与失业在不同国家中的具体情况互相比较,人们就会发现在就业与失业的研究中,传统概念似乎没有多大用处。因为既有以什么尺度来衡量的问题,又有若干统计数字不能进行比较这样一种众所周知的问题。不过,这都不是最重要的。根本的问题是要找到和使用一些恰当的概念来概括各种有意义的现象。下面举几个例子: 传统的失业典型形式是青年在毕业之后找不到有工资的工作。但是, 意大利南部和西班牙的青年可能遇到这种情况便会“找个门道”——按意大利人的说法——如给人擦洗小汽车的玻璃,或上街头卖烟,这种现象该怎 At a Glance If you compare the details of employment and unemployment in different countries, one finds that traditional concepts do not seem to be of much use in the study of employment and unemployment. Because there are problems on both the scale and the scale, some statistics can not be compared with such a well-known problem. However, this is not the most important. The fundamental problem is to find and use appropriate concepts to summarize a variety of meaningful phenomena. Here are some examples: The traditional form of unemployment is that young people can not find a wage after graduation. However, young people in southern Italy and Spain may encounter such a situation in the hope of finding a way out. According to Italians, such as scrubbing the glass of a car or selling cigarettes on the streets, What should