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目的：为甲状腺手术中对喉返神经的定位和保护提供解剖学基础。方法：在５０具（１００侧）成人标本上，对术中喉返神经易损伤部位进行定位观测。结果：①甲状腺下极区，喉返神经位于气管食管沟内，在气管与颈总动脉之间的浅面平面深度，左侧为１０．４±２．０ｎ１ｍ，右侧为１２．０±２．０ｍｍ；②环甲关节区，喉返神经入喉处距甲壮软骨下角尖为８．２±６ｍｍ，距喉结突出点水平相交点为３３．３±４．３ｍｍ；③腺体侧叶后侧区，９５％的喉返神经在甲状腺外侧韧带后方经过，５％穿甲状腺外侧韧带；④甲状腺下动脉弓形弯曲恒定存在，其最高点至神经与该动脉交叉点的距离为１４．６±４．４ｍｍ。结论：上述喉返神经定位观测结果，是术中防止神经损伤的应用解剖学基础。
Objective: To provide anatomical basis for the location and protection of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery. Methods: Fifty (100) adult specimens were used to locate the vulnerable parts of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Results: ① The lower hypothyroid region and the recurrent laryngeal nerve were located in the tracheoesophageal groove with a depth of 10.4 ± 2.0n1m on the left and 12.0 ± 2 on the right, between the trachea and common carotid artery .0mm; (2) In the circumflexicular area, the angle between the posterior laryngeal nerve and the thyroid cartilage was 8.2 ± 6mm, and the level of the junction of the laryngeal junction was 33.3 ± 4.3mm. 95% of the recurrent laryngeal nerve pass behind the thyroid gland ligament and 5% pass the lateral thyroid ligament. The arch of the thyroid artery is constant and the distance from the highest point to the intersection of the nerve and the artery is 14.6 ± 4 .4mm. Conclusion: The results of the laryngeal nerve positioning are the applied anatomical basis to prevent nerve injury during operation.