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从野生大豆到栽培大豆的驯化过程中,籽粒大小和形状发生了很大变化,探究这些性状的变化规律能加深对基因驯化机制的认识。以14个野生大豆、45个地方品种和30个育成品种为材料,进行上述性状的偏相关和因子分析。结果表明:栽培品种中百粒重和籽粒大小呈极显著相关,但野生大豆中百粒重和粒长不相关;野生大豆中长宽比是因子分析第1因子的重要成分,而栽培品种并非如此;百粒重与籽粒大小显著相关,与粒形性状不相关。此外,上述结果还通过溧水中子黄豆和南农493-1杂交组合构建的504个正反交F2∶3、F2∶4和F2∶5家系群体的偏相关分析和QTL定位结果予以证实。
During the domestication process from wild soybean to cultivated soybean, the size and shape of the grain have undergone great changes. Studying the variation of these traits can deepen the understanding of the mechanism of gene domestication. Fourteen wild soybean cultivars, 45 local cultivars and 30 bred cultivars were used for the partial correlation analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the grain weight and grain size in cultivars, but the grain weight and grain length in wild soybean were not related to each other. The aspect ratio of wild soybean was an important component of factor 1, but the cultivars were not Thus, 100-grain weight was significantly related to grain size and not related to grain shape. In addition, the above results were also confirmed by the partial correlation analysis and QTL mapping of 504 crosses of F2: 3, F2: 4 and F2: 5 orthologs constructed by Lishui neutron yellow beans and Nannong 493-1 hybrids.