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目的研究儿童期受虐待医学生分离特质的特点及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样法,对262名医学生进行儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、解离特质量表(DTS)、不安全感心理自评量表(SRFIS)、简式大五人格问卷(NEO-FFI-R)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)、自尊量表(SES)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、人口社会经济学资料调查问卷等测试。结果儿童期受虐待医学生的分离特质总分和各维度分数高于未受虐待者(t=2.609~3.860,P<0.01);分离特质与躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、忽视、神经质、不安全感、不成熟防御、中间型防御、掩饰呈正相关(r=0.13~0.69,P<0.05),与外向性、开放性、友善性、谨慎性、自尊、一般自我效能呈负相关(r=-0.13~-0.56,P<0.05)。逐步回归分析发现,在控制其他因素的影响后,不成熟防御、不安全感、儿童期虐待、神经质分别与医学生的分离特质呈正相关(Beta值=0.093~0.463,P<0.05);外向性、谨慎性、开放性、一般自我效能分别与分离特质呈负相关(Beta值=-0.099~-0.381,P<0.05)。结论儿童期受虐待经历对医学生的分离特质具有不良影响,不成熟防御方式、不安全感、人格特质是影响其分离特质的重要因素。
Objective To study the characteristics and influencing factors of the traits of abused children in childhood. Methods Using cluster sampling method, 262 medical students were assessed with Pediatric Abuse History Scale (PRCA), Dissociation Trait Scale (DTS), Self-Esteem Scale of Unsafe Sense (SRFIS), Simple Fifth Personality NEO-FFI-R, DSQ, SES, GSES and socio-economic survey of population. Results The total score and the scores of each dimension of the abused children in childhood were higher than those in the untreated ones (t = 2.609 ~ 3.860, P <0.01). The characteristics of isolation and physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, (R = 0.13-0.69, P <0.05), and negatively correlated with extroversion, openness, friendliness, cautiousness, self-esteem and general self-efficacy = -0.13 ~ -0.56, P <0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that immature defense, insecurity, childhood abuse and neuroticism were positively correlated with the separation characteristics of medical students (Beta value = 0.093 ~ 0.463, P <0.05) after controlling for other factors; extroversion Cautiousness, openness, and general self-efficacy were negatively correlated with the separation traits (Beta = -0.099-0.381, P <0.05). Conclusion The experience of childhood abuse has an adverse effect on the characteristics of medical students’ separation. The immature defense, insecurity and personality traits are the important factors that affect their separation traits.