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苏联自五十年代中期起即已开始了对弹道导弹防御的研究工作。六十年代建立了保卫莫斯科地区的“橡皮套鞋”反导弹防御系统。1972年苏、美签订了限制反导弹系统条约,1974年双方又协议把各自允许部署的反导弹防区限制为一个,各自部署的反导弹导弹发射器不得超过一百个。美国在1975年10月建成了大福克斯基地的一个“卫兵”反导弹系统场地,但随即根据国会的要求又拆除了。苏联则选择了继续保留莫斯科反导弹系统的做法,并且继续积极地进行改进型反导弹系统的研究试验。1980年3月有报导说,苏联已经通知美国,她打算拆除莫斯科周围现有的六十四个反导弹导弹发射器中的一半,但是并没有表明其意图何在。
The Soviet Union has started its research on ballistic missile defense since the mid-1950s. In the 1960s a “rubber overshoe” anti-missile defense system was set up to defend the Moscow area. In 1972, the Soviet Union and the United States signed the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Missile Systems. In 1974, the two sides also agreed to limit their respective anti-missile defense zones deployed to no more than 100 anti-missile missile launchers each deployed. The United States built a “guard” anti-missile system site at Grand Forks base in October 1975, but it was dismantled immediately upon the request of the National Assembly. The Soviet Union chose to continue the Moscow anti-missile system, and continued to actively carry out research on improved anti-missile systems. It was reported in March 1980 that the Soviet Union had informed the United States that she intended to dismantle half of the existing 64 anti-missile missile launchers around Moscow but did not indicate its intentions.