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中国果树科研组一行三人,于1982年6月28日至8月27日,在波兰果树花卉研究所(下称果树所)进行合作研究,并对波兰果树生产和科研情况进行了考察,现将波兰果树生产情况简介如下: 波兰地处北纬49～55°之间,属温带气候。年均气温6～8℃,1月平均气温在-1～-6℃,绝对低温达-40℃。每10～15年有次周期性大冻害,造成果树严重减产、死亡,因此,许多地方不能栽培桃树和葡萄。主要果树为苹果、樱桃、草莓、树莓、醋栗等,其次为洋梨、桃、杏、李、榛子、核桃等。其中苹果1979年产105万吨;草莓近20万吨,仅次于美国,居世界第二位;穗状醋栗15万吨,树莓3万吨,均居世界首位。 苹果主产区在波兰中部及东南部。新建果园以旭、红玉、金冠、新红星、邦克劳弗特等品种较多。多采用矮干(50～60厘米)、密植(行距4～6米,株距1.5～4米)篱壁形和纺锤灌木形栽植。目前,科研单位正大力提倡和推广矮化密植栽培,计划至1985年矮砧苹果树占总面积60％。
Chinese fruit research group of three, from June 28, 1982 to August 27, Poland Institute of Fruit and Flower Research (hereinafter referred to as fruit trees) to conduct a cooperative study of the Polish fruit tree production and scientific research conducted a survey, are The Polish fruit tree production profile is as follows: Poland is located between latitudes 49 ~ 55 °, is a temperate climate. The average annual temperature of 6 ~ 8 ℃, January average temperature of -1 ~ -6 ℃, the absolute low temperature of -40 ℃. Every 10 to 15 years there are periodic frost damage, resulting in severe fruit yield and death, so many places can not be cultivated peaches and grapes. The main fruit trees are apple, cherry, strawberry, raspberry and gooseberry, followed by pear, peach, apricot, plum, hazelnut and walnut. Apple produced 1.05 million tons in 1979; nearly 200,000 tons of strawberries, second only to the United States, ranking second in the world; spicery 150,000 tons of currants, raspberries 30,000 tons, ranking first in the world. Apple’s main producing areas in central and southeast Poland. New orchards to Asahi, red jade, the Golden Delicious, the new Red Star, Bangla Laotu more varieties. Multi-use short dry (50 ~ 60 cm), close planting (spacing of 4 to 6 meters, spacing 1.5 to 4 meters) fence shape and spindle bush planting. At present, research institutes are vigorously promoting and promoting the cultivation of dwarf and dense planting. It is planned that the total area of dwarf apple trees will be 60% by 1985.