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芋螺毒素是一类芋螺毒液管和毒囊内壁的毒腺所分泌的活性多肽,能特异地作用于电压门控离子通道(Na+、K+、Ca2+)、配体门控离子通道(nAChRs、5-HT3R、NMDAR)、G蛋白偶联受体(神经降压素和血管加压素)和神经递质转运蛋白,已在神经科学领域和新药研制方面受到广泛关注。目前据其信号肽的保守性,将芋螺毒素分为26个超家族。其中A-超家族是研究较多的超家族之一,其作用靶标主要是乙酰胆碱受体,对疼痛、成瘾、抑郁症、帕金森综合症、老年痴呆症、多发性硬化症、癫痫、中风、肌无力等具有潜在的药用价值。本文就A-超家族芋螺毒素的基因结构、蛋白特征、功能等方面的研究进展进行综述。
Conotoxins are active peptides secreted by the venom of a kind of taro venom and the inner wall of the venom sac and can specifically act on voltage-gated ion channels (Na +, K +, Ca2 +), ligand-gated ion channels (nAChRs, 5 -HT3R, NMDAR), G-protein coupled receptors (neurotensin and vasopressin) and neurotransmitter transporters have received widespread attention in the field of neuroscience and in the development of new drugs. At present, according to the conservatism of its signal peptide, conotoxins are divided into 26 superfamilies. Among them, the A-superfamily is one of the more studied superfamilies and its target of action is mainly acetylcholine receptor, which has the following effects on pain, addiction, depression, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke , Muscle weakness and other potential medicinal value. This review summarizes the research progress on the gene structure, protein features and functions of A-superfamily conotoxins.