论文部分内容阅读
虚拟语气被普遍认为是难度大，不易掌握的语法项目，很容易使人望而生畏，能否从中找出一些规律呢？下面就是根据虚拟语气的谓语动词变化，择其较为重要的有两种类型进行讲解，以便掌握。
1.时间选择型
当虚拟语气用来表示一种不能成为现实、不真实的情况时，须选择与现在、将来和过去情况相反的三种不同时间，从而决定谓语动词。这类虚拟语气主要用于如下几方面:
（1） 虚拟条件句（含蓄虚拟条件句）
If I were you, I would study much harder． （与现在情况相反）
If he did（were to do， should do） it， he would do it well． （与将来情况相反）
I wouldn’t have finished the work without your help． （与过去情况相反）
（2） 由even if (though) 引导的让步状语从句，其谓语动词变化同于虚拟条件句，在口语中也可用直接陈述语气。
Even if he were here, he wouldn’t be able to help you． （与现在情况相反）
Nothing could have saved your father， even if the doctor had arrived on time． （与过去情况相反）
（3） wish后的宾语从句
I wish I were five years younger than you． （与现在情况相反）
He wishes you would go with him. （与将来情况相反）
I wished I had won the match． （与过去情况相反）
注意：wish的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。
（4） as if (though)引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
He looks as if he were very sleepy． （与现在情况相反）
They are talking about something, as if they were quarrelling with each other．
2．should+动词原形型
这种类型的虚拟语气一般用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语和同位语从句。谓语由should+动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用would。 其中可以省略should的句式有以下几种。
（1） 在主语从句中用于表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成It is natural （important, necessary, strange, a pity, a shame等） that…句型。
It is natural that you (should) say apology to him．
It is a pity that you (should) be careless．
（2） 用于表示命令、建议一类动词后的宾语从句，如：suggest，insist， demand， request， command等。
The young man insisted that he (should) be sent to do the work．
I suggested that we (should) set off earlier．
（3） 在名词advice, order, suggestion, request等后面that引导的同位语从句或表语从句中。
My suggestion is that we (should) told a class meeting this afternoon.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.
另外，在“It is (high) time (that)…句型中，that引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词过去式，意为“（现在）应该……”，用来提建议。其中should一般不省略。
It is high time that we should leave(=we left).
1.时间选择型
当虚拟语气用来表示一种不能成为现实、不真实的情况时，须选择与现在、将来和过去情况相反的三种不同时间，从而决定谓语动词。这类虚拟语气主要用于如下几方面:
（1） 虚拟条件句（含蓄虚拟条件句）
If I were you, I would study much harder． （与现在情况相反）
If he did（were to do， should do） it， he would do it well． （与将来情况相反）
I wouldn’t have finished the work without your help． （与过去情况相反）
（2） 由even if (though) 引导的让步状语从句，其谓语动词变化同于虚拟条件句，在口语中也可用直接陈述语气。
Even if he were here, he wouldn’t be able to help you． （与现在情况相反）
Nothing could have saved your father， even if the doctor had arrived on time． （与过去情况相反）
（3） wish后的宾语从句
I wish I were five years younger than you． （与现在情况相反）
He wishes you would go with him. （与将来情况相反）
I wished I had won the match． （与过去情况相反）
注意：wish的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。
（4） as if (though)引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
He looks as if he were very sleepy． （与现在情况相反）
They are talking about something, as if they were quarrelling with each other．
2．should+动词原形型
这种类型的虚拟语气一般用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语和同位语从句。谓语由should+动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用would。 其中可以省略should的句式有以下几种。
（1） 在主语从句中用于表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成It is natural （important, necessary, strange, a pity, a shame等） that…句型。
It is natural that you (should) say apology to him．
It is a pity that you (should) be careless．
（2） 用于表示命令、建议一类动词后的宾语从句，如：suggest，insist， demand， request， command等。
The young man insisted that he (should) be sent to do the work．
I suggested that we (should) set off earlier．
（3） 在名词advice, order, suggestion, request等后面that引导的同位语从句或表语从句中。
My suggestion is that we (should) told a class meeting this afternoon.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.
另外，在“It is (high) time (that)…句型中，that引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词过去式，意为“（现在）应该……”，用来提建议。其中should一般不省略。
It is high time that we should leave(=we left).