谈谈afraid的用法

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   请看下面几道中考题:
   1. — Could you get home at five o’clock?
   — ______. I’ll have a meeting at that time.(2011年广东广州)
   A. I hope so B. Yes,I think so
   C. I’m afraid not D. I’m afraid so
   2. — Would you like to play basketball with us this afternoon?
   — ______. I have to study for tomorrow’s
  test.(2011年江西南昌)
   A. I’d love to B. I’m afraid not
   C. Sounds good D. No problem
   3. — Could you go shopping with me tomorrow?
   — _______. My father and I will go to Wuhan tomorrow.(2010年甘肃兰州)
   A. I think so B. Yes,I hope so
   C. I’m afraid so D. Sorry,I’m afraid not
   分析:上面三道中考题显然是在考查同学们是否掌握了afraid的用法,答案为:1.C 2.B 3.D。
   英语中,afraid一词使用的频率很高,它是一个只可用作表语的形容词,表示“害怕、担心、恐怕”的意思,不可用作定语,常用在系动词be、feel等的后面作表语。例如:
   Don’t be afraid. He can take good care of your brother.
   别担心,他会照看好你的弟弟。
   It’s getting dark. The boy felt very afraid.
   天黑了,这个男孩感到非常害怕。
   上面句子中的afraid都是单独在系动词后面作表语。除此之外,afraid还能用在下列情况中:
   1.“be afraid + to do sth.”表示“害怕而不敢(或不愿)做某事”。例如:
   He is afraid to swim in the river.
   他不敢在河里游泳。
   She is afraid to see you again.
   她不敢再见到你。
   2.“be afraid of + 名词/代词”表示“害怕某人或某物”。例如:
   He is a little afraid of his father.
   他有点害怕他的父亲。
   Many children are afraid of dogs.
   很多小孩都怕狗。
   3.“be afraid of + doing sth.”表示“害怕做某事”。例如:
   I was afraid of going through the woods. I’ll take the road.
   我害怕穿过那片树林,我将走公路。
   He was afraid to climb up that big tree because he was afraid of falling down.
   他不敢爬那棵大树,因为他害怕会摔下来。
   4.“be afraid for + 名词/代词”表示“为……而担心”,相当于“be worried about…”。例如:
   Many of us were afraid for our jobs.
   我们中的许多人担心自己的工作。
   Mr Green is afraid for his little son’s health.
   格林先生为他小儿子的健康而担忧。
   5.“主语(I/We)+ be afraid + that从句(that常省略)”表示“恐怕/想/认为会有某事或某情况发生”。有时be afraid也可放在句末,这时be afraid就成为一个婉转词语,表示遗憾、惋惜、歉意,或表示推断,或表示在不愿干某事时使口气显得婉转、缓和些。例如:
   I’m afraid that your friend can’t come here today.
   恐怕你的朋友今天不能来这儿了。
   I’m afraid that I can’t stay with you.
   很遗憾我不能留下来陪你。
   You’ll have to wait for a while,I’m afraid.
   很抱歉,恐怕你还得等一等。
   I’ve broken your pen,I’m afraid.
   真抱歉,我把你的钢笔弄坏了。
   The train is leaving,I’m afraid.
   恐怕火车就要开了。
   【温馨提示】
   口语中的I’m afraid not表示“恐怕不行”,一般用于婉拒别人的请求或邀请,且一般来说I’m afraid not是单独成句的。I’m afraid so表示“恐怕是这样”,用于肯定前句所表达的意思。其中用not或so可避免重复,so代替肯定的陈述句,not代替否定的陈述句。例如:
   — Are we late?
   — I’m afraid so.(=I’m afraid that we are late.)
   ——我们迟到了吗?
   ——是啊,我看是。
   — Is your brother going with you?
   — I’m afraid not.(= I’m afraid he is not going with me.)
   ——你哥哥和你一起去吗?
   ——恐怕不会。
   【跟踪训练】
   I. 选择填空。
   1. Don’t be afraid ______ my health. I’m much better now.
   A. of B. for C. to D. with
   2. My little sister _______ go out alone at night.
   A. afraid to B. is afraid to
   C. is afraid of D. afraid
   3. The girl is afraid of ______ English in class.
   A. speak B. to speak
   C. speaking D. speaks
   II. 根据汉语完成句子,每空一词。
   1. 大部分人怕蛇。
   Most people ______ ______ ______ snakes.
   2. 恐怕我们迟到了吧。
   ______ ______ ______ we are late.
   3. 我为我母亲的健康担心。
   I’m ______ ______ my mother’s health.
   4. 她不敢一个人呆在家里。
   She ______ ______ ______ stay at home by herself.
   5. 别为你的儿子担心。
   Don’t ______ ______ ______ your son.
  
   Key:
   I. 1. B 2. B 3. C
   II. 1. are afraid of
   2. I’m afraid that
   3. afraid for / worried about
   4. is afraid to
   5. be afraid for / be worried about
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