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为了探讨氮肥施用量和施用方法对杂交稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响,2001~2003年在湖南省宁乡县回龙铺镇进行了大田栽培试验。结果表明:改进施氮处理的氮肥用量为100~120 kg/hm2,比农民习惯施肥减少38.9%~47.6%,产量增加0.48~1.48 t/hm2,增幅6.32%~27.3%,减氮增产的效果显著;获得最高产量的适宜氮肥用量为99~147.5 kg/hm2,成熟期氮素吸收量为146.9~194.3 kg/hm2。改进的施氮处理AEN平均为10.6~14.3 kg/kg,比农民习惯施肥增加7.0~10.7 kg/kg;PFPN平均为65.2~96.8 kg/kg,比农民的习惯施肥增加34.1~65.7 kg/kg;REN平均为68.5%~76.2%,比农民习惯施肥增加14.1%~21.8%,增幅均达到显著或极显著水平。分析了氮肥用量对植株干物质在茎秆、叶片和稻穗分配的影响,讨论了植株后期对氮素的奢侈吸收而导致减产的可能性。
In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates and application methods on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of hybrid rice, field experiments were conducted in Huilongpu Town, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province from 2001 to 2003. The results showed that the nitrogen application rate was 100 ~ 120 kg / hm2, decreased by 38.9% ~ 47.6% and the yield increased by 0.48 ~ 1.48 t / hm2, increased by 6.32% ~ 27.3% Significantly, the optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer for the highest yield was 99-147.5 kg / hm2 and the nitrogen uptake was 146.9-194.3 kg / hm2 during the maturity stage. The average NEN treatment AEN was 10.6-14.3 kg / kg, which was 7.0-10.7 kg / kg more than that of peasants. The average PFPN was 65.2-96.8 kg / kg, which was 34.1-65.7 kg / kg higher than that of farmers. REN averaged 68.5% -76.2%, which was 14.1% ~ 21.8% more than that of peasants’ habitual fertilization, with the increase reaching significant or extremely significant level. The effects of different nitrogen rates on the distribution of plant dry matter in stems, leaves and rice panicles were analyzed. The possibility of extra yield of nitrogen was also discussed at the late stage of the plant.