利用光纤进行相位稳定的微波频率参考的远距离分配,在深空科学研究、基础物理测量以及多基地雷达技术方面有着广泛的应用需求。研究了基于往返相位校正的光纤稳相传输理论,建立了稳相传输的理论模型,搭建了基于光电延迟锁相环的光纤稳相传输实验系统,理论分析并实验研究了相干瑞利散射噪声对系统传输相位稳定性的影响。研究发现相干瑞利散射噪声不仅直接造成远端信号信噪比恶化,并且通过锁相环路转化为系统残余相位噪声,进一步恶化远端信号的稳定性,成为影响稳相传输系统性能的主要因素。针对该问题,提出了双波长的稳相传输技术,有效地克服了相干瑞利散射噪声的影响,实现了10GHz微波频率参考、100km光纤稳相分发,传输至远端的相位均方根抖动(RMS-jitter)低于730fs。 The long-distance distribution of phase-stabilized microwave frequency references using optical fiber has a wide range of applications in deep space science research, basic physical measurement and multi-base radar technology. The theory of optical fiber steady transmission based on round trip phase correction is studied. The theoretical model of steady phase transmission is established. An optical fiber steady phase transmission experimental system based on photoelectric delay PLL is established. Theoretical analysis and experimental study of coherent Rayleigh scattering noise The influence of system transmission phase stability. It is found that the coherent Rayleigh scattering noise not only causes the signal-to-noise ratio of the far-end signal to deteriorate directly, but also transforms into the residual phase noise of the system through the phase-locked loop to further deteriorate the stability of the far-end signal and becomes the main factor affecting the performance of the steady-state transmission system . In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes a two-wavelength steady-state transmission technology, which can effectively overcome the influence of coherent Rayleigh scattering noise and achieve 10GHz microwave frequency reference, stable transmission of 100km optical fiber, phase RMS transmission to the far end RMS-jitter) is below 730 fs.